c#绑定到和接口时向下转换

Question

是否有更好的方法将基类列表绑定到除了向下转换之外的UI,例如:

static void Main(string[] args) {
    List<Animal> list = new List<Animal>();  
    Pig p = new Pig(5);  
    Dog d = new Dog("/images/dog1.jpg");  
    list.Add(p);  
    list.Add(d);  
    foreach (Animal a in list)   
    {  
        DoPigStuff(a as Pig);  
        DoDogStuff(a as Dog);  
    }  

}  


static void DoPigStuff(Pig p)
{
    if (p != null) 
    {  
        label1.Text = String.Format("The pigs tail is {0}", p.TailLength);
    }  
}

static void DoDogStuff(Dog d) {
    if (d != null) 
    {
        Image1.src = d.Image;
    }
}

class Animal {
    public String Name { get; set; }
}

class Pig : Animal{
    public int TailLength { get; set; }

    public Pig(int tailLength) 
    {
        Name = "Mr Pig";
        TailLength = tailLength;
    }
}

class Dog : Animal {
    public String Image { get; set; }

    public Dog(String image) 
    {
        Name = "Mr Dog";
        Image = image;
    }
}

Answer 1

为什么不让Animal包含Pig和Dog被迫实现的抽象方法

public class Animal
{
    public abstract void DoStuff();
}

public Dog : Animal
{
    public override void DoStuff()
    {
        // Do dog specific stuff here
    }
}

public Pig : Animal
{
    public override void DoStuff()
    {
        // Do pig specific stuff here
    }
}

这样,每个特定的类都对其操作负责,使您的代码更简单.你也不需要在你的foreach循环中进行转换.

Answer 2

当遇到这类问题时,我会遵循访客模式.

interface IVisitor
{
  void DoPigStuff(Piggy p);
  void DoDogStuff(Doggy d);
}

class GuiVisitor : IVisitor
{
  void DoPigStuff(Piggy p)
  {
    label1.Text = String.Format("The pigs tail is {0}", p.TailLength);
  }

  void DoDogStuff(Doggy d)
  {
    Image1.src = d.Image;
  }
}

abstract class Animal
{
    public String Name { get; set; }
    public abstract void Visit(IVisitor visitor);
}

class Piggy : Animal
{
    public int TailLength { get; set; }

    public Piggy(int tailLength) 
    {
        Name = "Mr Pig";
        TailLength = tailLength;
    }

    public void Visit(IVisitor visitor)
    {
       visitor.DoPigStuff(this);
    }
}

class Doggy : Animal 
{
   public String Image { get; set; }

   public Doggy(String image) 
   {
     Name = "Mr Dog";
     Image = image;
   }

   public void Visit(IVisitor visitor)
   {
     visitor.DoDogStuff(this);
   }
}

public class AnimalProgram
{
  static void Main(string[] args) {
    List<Animal> list = new List<Animal>();  
    Pig p = new Pig(5);  
    Dog d = new Dog("/images/dog1.jpg");  
    list.Add(p);  
    list.Add(d);

    IVisitor visitor = new GuiVisitor();  
    foreach (Animal a in list)   
    {
      a.Visit(visitor);
    }  
  }
}

因此,访问者模式模拟传统的单调度面向对象语言(如Java,Smalltalk,C#和C++)中的双重调度.

这个代码优于jop的唯一优点是,当您需要添加新类型的访问者(如XmlSerializeVisitor或FeedAnimalVisitor)时,可以在不同的类上实现IVisitor接口.