如何在c ++中使用winsock接收udp数据包？

Question

为了尝试绕着udp套接字缠绕我,我试图将这个教程页面http://www.linuxhowtos.org/C_C++/socket.htm中的代码移植到winsock(如果重要的话,在win 8上运行).[以下直接链接]

代码当前编译并运行但我从未收到过数据包,两个程序只是等待并阻塞recvfrom().我一直有同样的问题(例如,这个代码的修改版本/sf/answers/47567061/包含一个recvfrom()调用.并且这个代码C++问题与数据报(UDP)winsocket到sendto和recvfrom在同一个套接字上通过环回适配器进行建议的更改).我想我正在犯一些简单而根本的错误; 但是我无法独立找到它.希望有更多经验的人可以为我解决这个问题.谢谢.

附加说明:
我正在运行服务器exe,然后在同一台计算机上运行客户端exe.它连接到互联网.我也尝试过使用解析为我的IP地址的域名.我也试过禁用防火墙,虽然我已经允许两个程序完全访问.

直接链接到原始客户端和服务器代码:
http://www.linuxhowtos.org/data/6/client_udp.c
http://www.linuxhowtos.org/data/6/server_udp.c

我目前的尝试:

都链接到libws2_32.a

客户代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <string.h>

void error(const char *);

int main()
{
    WSAData data;
    WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 2, 2 ), &data );

    int sock, n;
    int length;
    struct sockaddr_in server, from;
    struct hostent *hp;
    char buffer[256];
    unsigned short serverPort = 27072;
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0) error("socket");
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    hp = gethostbyname("localhost");//have also tried my url
    if (hp==0) error("Unknown host");
    memmove((char *)hp->h_addr, (char *)&server.sin_addr, hp->h_length);
    server.sin_port = htons(serverPort);
    length = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    printf("Please enter the message: ");
    memset(buffer, 0, 256);
    fgets(buffer, 255, stdin);
    n = sendto (sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (const struct sockaddr *)&server, length);
    if (n < 0) error("Sendto");
    printf("sent %i bytes\n", n);
    n = recvfrom(sock, buffer, 256, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server, &length);
    if (n < 0) error("recvfrom");
    //write(1,"Got an ack: ", 12);
    //write(1, buffer, n);
    printf("Got msg: %s\n",buffer);

    closesocket(sock);
    WSACleanup();
    return(0);
}

void error(const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

服务器代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <string.h>

void error(const char *);

int main()
{
    WSAData data;
    WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 2, 2 ), &data );

    int sock, length, n;
    int fromlen;
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    struct sockaddr_in from;
    char buf[1024];
    unsigned short serverPort = 27072;
    sock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0) error("Opening socket");
    length = sizeof(server);
    memset(&server, 0, length);
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
    server.sin_port=htons(serverPort);
    if (bind(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&server, length)<0) error ("binding");
    fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    while(1)
    {
        n = recvfrom(sock, buf, 1024, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
        if (n<0) error("recvfrom");
        //write(1,"Received a datagram: ", 21);
        //write(1,buf,n);
        printf("Received a datagram: %s", buf);
        n = sendto(sock, "Got your message\n",17,0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,fromlen);
        if (n<0)error("sendto");
    }
    closesocket(sock);
    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}


void error (const char *msg)
{
    perror(msg);
    exit(0);
}

Answer 1

以下UDP测试应用程序在我的设置上正常工作 - Windows 7,VS 2013.

我创建了一些轻量级的包装类来进行资源管理,并将错误代码转换为异常.这使客户端和服务器代码更易于阅读.请务必先运行服务器.

Network.h

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <system_error>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

#pragma once

class WSASession
{
public:
    WSASession()
    {
        int ret = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &data);
        if (ret != 0)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "WSAStartup Failed");
    }
    ~WSASession()
    {
        WSACleanup();
    }
private:
    WSAData data;
};

class UDPSocket
{
public:
    UDPSocket()
    {
        sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
        if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "Error opening socket");
    }
    ~UDPSocket()
    {
        closesocket(sock);
    }

    void SendTo(const std::string& address, unsigned short port, const char* buffer, int len, int flags = 0)
    {
        sockaddr_in add;
        add.sin_family = AF_INET;
        add.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(address.c_str());
        add.sin_port = htons(port);
        int ret = sendto(sock, buffer, len, flags, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR *>(&add), sizeof(add));
        if (ret < 0)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "sendto failed");
    }
    void SendTo(sockaddr_in& address, const char* buffer, int len, int flags = 0)
    {
        int ret = sendto(sock, buffer, len, flags, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR *>(&address), sizeof(address));
        if (ret < 0)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "sendto failed");
    }
    sockaddr_in RecvFrom(char* buffer, int len, int flags = 0)
    {
        sockaddr_in from;
        int size = sizeof(from);
        int ret = recvfrom(sock, buffer, len, flags, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR *>(&from), &size);
        if (ret < 0)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "recvfrom failed");

        // make the buffer zero terminated
        buffer[ret] = 0;
        return from;
    }
    void Bind(unsigned short port)
    {
        sockaddr_in add;
        add.sin_family = AF_INET;
        add.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
        add.sin_port = htons(port);

        int ret = bind(sock, reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR *>(&add), sizeof(add));
        if (ret < 0)
            throw std::system_error(WSAGetLastError(), std::system_category(), "Bind failed");
    }

private:
    SOCKET sock;
};

服务器

#include "Network.h"

int main()
{
    try
    {
        WSASession Session;
        UDPSocket Socket;
        char buffer[100];

        Socket.Bind(100);
        while (1)
        {
            sockaddr_in add = Socket.RecvFrom(buffer, sizeof(buffer));

            std::string input(buffer);
            std::reverse(std::begin(input), std::end(input));
            Socket.SendTo(add, input.c_str(), input.size());
        }
    }
    catch (std::system_error& e)
    {
        std::cout << e.what();
    }
}

客户

#include "Network.h"

int main()
{
    try
    {
        WSASession Session;
        UDPSocket Socket;
        std::string data = "hello world";
        char buffer[100];

        Socket.SendTo("127.0.0.1", 100, data.c_str(), data.size());
        Socket.RecvFrom(buffer, 100);
        std::cout << buffer;
    }
    catch (std::exception &ex)
    {
        std::cout << ex.what();
    }
    char c;
    std::cin >> c;
}

Answer 2

好吧，我不确定 winsock2.h 在 Windows 和 Linux 中是否以相同的方式工作，但是，在 Windows 中，当您创建套接字时，您必须设置您正在使用的协议，TCP 或 UDP：

SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

AF_INET = IPv4；SOCK_STREAM = TCP 字节流；IPPROTO_TCP = TCP 协议。

对于 UDP（我以前从未使用过），根据 MSDN 它将是：

SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);

SOCK_DGRAM = UDP 字节流；IPPROTO_UDP = UDP 协议。

该代码可以在 Windows 中运行。我想在 Linux 中也会类似。