如何在DO块中执行选择查询？

Question

如何在DO块中执行选择查询？

Ste*_*ger 16 sql postgresql plpgsql postgresql-9.1 generate-series

我想将以下SQL代码从MS SQL-Server移植到PostgreSQL.

DECLARE @iStartYear integer
DECLARE @iStartMonth integer

DECLARE @iEndYear integer
DECLARE @iEndMonth integer

SET @iStartYear = 2012
SET @iStartMonth = 4

SET @iEndYear = 2016
SET @iEndMonth = 1


;WITH CTE 
AS
(
    SELECT 
         --@iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         @iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
        ,@iStartYear AS TheYear  
        ,@iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

    SELECT 
         --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         --@iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
         CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
         --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
        ,@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
        ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
    FROM CTE 
    WHERE (1=1) 

    AND
    (
        CASE 
            --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear 
            WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < @iEndYear 
                THEN 1 
            --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear 
            WHEN (@iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = @iEndYear 
                THEN 
                    CASE 
                        WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= @iEndMonth 
                            THEN 1 
                        ELSE 0 
                    END 
            ELSE 0 
        END = 1 
    )
)
SELECT * FROM CTE

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这就是我到目前为止所拥有的.

DO $$
    DECLARE r record;
    DECLARE i integer;

    DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
    DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;

    DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
    DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;

    DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
    i:= 5;

    --RAISE NOTICE  'test'
    --RAISE NOTICE  'test1' || 'test2';

    __mytext := 'Test message';
    --RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';

    --SQL Standard:  "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
    --PostgreSQL short-hand:  "value::text"
    __mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __iStartYear := 2012;
    __iStartMonth := 4;

    __iEndYear := 2016;
    __iEndMonth := 1;

    --PERFORM  'abc';
    SELECT 'abc';

    -- SELECT  __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth; 


    -- RAISE NOTICE  'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
    -- FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
    -- LOOP
    --  EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
    --END LOOP;
END$$;

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正如您所看到的,当我想要使用加注通知功能进行"打印"时,我遇到了一些问题.但我设法通过谷歌解决这个问题.

根据以前的经验,我可以看出与CTE的Postgres语法是如此相似我只需要在CTE之前添加一个递归,所以唯一真正的问题是我必须定义一些变量,我需要一个do块.

从这个结果我得到的简单问题:
如何在do块中"执行"选择查询？我想在pgAdmin3的'data output'选项卡中看到结果.
而且我不想创建一个函数.

Answer 1

Erw*_*ter 25

`DO` 命令与PL/pgSQL函数

该DO命令不返回行.您可以发送NOTICES或RAISE其他消息(使用语言plpgsql),或者您可以写入(临时)表,然后SELECT从中写入以解决此问题.

但实际上,您应该创建一个(plpgsql)函数,您可以使用RETURNS子句或OUT/ INOUT参数定义返回类型,并以各种方式从函数返回.

如果您不希望保存该函数并对其他连接可见,请考虑使用"临时"函数,该函数是一个未记录但功能完善的函数:

如何在PostgreSQL中创建临时函数？

`generate_series()` 对于手头的问题

对于手头上的问题,你似乎并不需要任何的这一点.请改用此简单查询:

SELECT row_number() OVER ()    AS running_month
     , extract('year'  FROM m) AS year
     , extract('month' FROM m) AS month
FROM   generate_series(timestamp '2012-04-01'
                     , timestamp '2016-01-01'
                     , interval '1 month') m;

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就这样.

Answer 2

Ser*_*nov 7

要从DO匿名代码块中获取记录，您可以使用以下技术：

DO $$
DECLARE
  _query text;
  _cursor CONSTANT refcursor := '_cursor';
BEGIN
  _query := 'SELECT * FROM table_name';
  OPEN _cursor FOR EXECUTE _query;
END
$$;

FETCH ALL FROM _cursor;

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注意

游标在事务范围内可见，因此您应该在一个事务中使用它。
游标变量的名称应与文本常量相同；

更多关于游标。技术来源在这里（俄语）。

Answer 3

Ste*_*ger 6

这里有关于Erwin建议的临时表的解决方法的更多细节,这应该是问题的真正答案,因为问题更倾向于"在开发过程中,如何快速编写带有选择的代码块并查看结果"而不是解决这个实际的查询(从一开始的基础问题是"如何快速开发/调试表值函数").

虽然我必须说我想upvote generate_series部分100次;)

可以将结果选择到临时表中,
并从do块外的临时表中选择,
如下所示:

DO $$
    DECLARE r record;
    DECLARE i integer;

    DECLARE __iStartYear integer;
    DECLARE __iStartMonth integer;


    DECLARE __iEndYear integer;
    DECLARE __iEndMonth integer;

    DECLARE __mytext character varying(200);
BEGIN
    i:= 5;

    -- Using Raise:
    -- http://www.java2s.com/Code/PostgreSQL/Postgre-SQL/UsingRAISENOTICE.htm

    --RAISE NOTICE  'test'
    --RAISE NOTICE  'test1' || 'test2';


    __mytext := 'Test message';
    --RAISE NOTICE __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', 'arg1' || 'arg2';
    RAISE NOTICE '% %', 'arg1', 'arg2';

    --SQL Standard:  "CAST( value AS text )" [or varchar]
    --PostgreSQL short-hand:  "value::text"
    __mytext := 'Test ' || i::text;
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __mytext := 'mynumber: ' || CAST(i as varchar(33)) || '%';
    RAISE NOTICE '%', __mytext;

    __iStartYear := 2012;
    __iStartMonth := 4;

     __iEndYear := 2016;
     __iEndMonth := 1;

     --PERFORM  'abc';


     --CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS SELECT * FROM orig_table;

     --DROP TABLE table_name CASCADE;
     --DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_name CASCADE;

     --DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl;
     --CREATE TEMP TABLE tbl AS SELECT 1 as a,2 as b,3 as c;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mytable;
CREATE TEMP TABLE mytable AS


WITH RECURSIVE CTE 
AS
(

        SELECT 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
            ,__iStartYear AS TheYear  
            ,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

        SELECT 
             --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
            --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
        FROM CTE 
        WHERE (1=1) 

        AND
        (
            CASE 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                    THEN 1 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                    THEN 
                        CASE 
                            WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth 
                                THEN 1 
                            ELSE 0 
                        END 
                ELSE 0 
            END = 1 
        )

)


SELECT * FROM CTE; 


    -- SELECT  __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth; 


     --RAISE NOTICE  'The raise_test() function began.' + CAST( i AS text ) ;
    --FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
    --LOOP
      --  EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
    --END LOOP;
END$$;


SELECT * FROM mytable;

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哪个真正是快速将查询转换为表值函数版本的基础,这看起来像这个btw:

-- SELECT * FROM tfu_V_RPT_MonthList(2012,1,2013,4);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION tfu_V_RPT_MonthList
( 
     __iStartYear integer
    ,__iStartMonth integer
    ,__iEndYear integer
    ,__iEndMonth integer
)
  RETURNS TABLE(
     TheRunningMonth integer
    ,TheYear integer
    ,TheMonth integer
) AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
-- Declare vars here
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY 

WITH RECURSIVE CTE 
AS
(

        SELECT 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             __iStartMonth AS TheRunningMonth 
            ,__iStartYear AS TheYear  
            ,__iStartMonth AS TheMonth 

    UNION ALL 

        SELECT 
             --CTE.TheStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             --__iStartYear AS TheStartYear 
             CTE.TheRunningMonth + 1 AS TheRunningMonth 
            --,CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) AS TheYear 
            ,(CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 AS TheMonth
        FROM CTE 
        WHERE (1=1) 

        AND
        (
            CASE 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) < __iEndYear 
                    THEN 1 
                --WHEN (CTE.TheStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                WHEN (__iStartYear + (CTE.TheRunningMonth / 12) ) = __iEndYear 
                    THEN 
                        CASE 
                            WHEN ( (CTE.TheMonth + 1 -1) % 12 + 1 ) <= __iEndMonth 
                                THEN 1 
                            ELSE 0 
                        END 
                ELSE 0 
            END = 1 
        )

)

    SELECT * FROM CTE ;

END;
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE


--ALTER FUNCTION dbo.tfu_v_dms_desktop(character varying) OWNER TO postgres;

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顺便说一句,看看SQL-Server codebloat来实现这个:

SELECT 
     extract('year' FROM m) AS RPT_Year
    -- http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-DATETIME-TABLE
    --,to_char(m, 'TMmon')
    --,to_char(m, 'TMmonth')
    ,to_char(m, 'Month') AS RPT_MonthName 
    ,m AS RPT_MonthStartDate
    ,m + INTERVAL '1 month' - INTERVAL '1 day' AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

FROM 
(
   SELECT 
        generate_series((2012::text || '-' || 4::text || '-01')::date, (2016::text || '-' || 1::text || '-01')::date, interval '1 month') AS m 
) AS g
;

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变成这样:

DECLARE @in_iStartYear integer
DECLARE @in_iStartMonth integer


DECLARE @in_iEndYear integer
DECLARE @in_iEndMonth integer

SET @in_iStartYear = 2012
SET @in_iStartMonth = 12


SET @in_iEndYear = 2016
SET @in_iEndMonth = 12



DECLARE @strOriginalLanguage AS nvarchar(200) 
DECLARE @dtStartDate AS datetime 
DECLARE @dtEndDate AS datetime 


SET @strOriginalLanguage = (SELECT @@LANGUAGE) 

SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iStartYear - 1900, 0) 
SET @dtStartDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iStartMonth -1, @dtStartDate) 

SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(YEAR, @in_iEndYear - 1900, 0) 
SET @dtEndDate = DATEADD(MONTH, @in_iEndMonth -1, @dtEndDate) 

SET LANGUAGE 'us_english'


;WITH CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd 
AS
(
        SELECT
             YEAR(@dtStartDate) AS RPT_Year 
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, @dtStartDate) AS RPT_MonthName 
            ,@dtStartDate AS RPT_MonthStartDate  
            ,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, @dtStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

    UNION ALL

        SELECT 
             YEAR(DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_Year 
            ,DATENAME(MONTH, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) AS RPT_MonthName 
            ,DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) AS RPT_MonthStartDate 
            ,DATEADD(DAY, -1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate)) ) AS RPT_MonthEndDate 

        FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd 
        WHERE DATEADD(MONTH, 1, CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd.RPT_MonthStartDate) <= @dtEndDate 
)

SELECT 
     RPT_Year 
    ,RPT_MonthName 
    ,RPT_MonthStartDate 
    ,RPT_MonthEndDate 
FROM CTE_YearsMonthStartAndEnd

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(谢谢欧文!);)

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