使用Async和Await转换普通的Http Post Web请求

Question

我如何使用Async/Await模式转换我传统的HttpWebRequest"POST"调用,这里有我附加我当前的代码,任何人请帮我转换这个代码使用Async/Await模式为Windows Phone 8.

public void GetEnvironmentVariables(Action<Credentials> getResultCallback, Action<Exception> getErrorCallback)
{
    CredentialsCallback = getResultCallback;
    ErrorCallback = getErrorCallback;
    var uri = new Uri(BaseUri);
    var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
    request.Method = "POST";
    request.ContentType = "application/json";
    var jsonObject = new JObject
    {
        new JProperty("apiKey",_api),
        new JProperty("affiliateId",_affid),
    };
    var serializedResult = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(jsonObject);
    byte[] requestBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(serializedResult);

    request.BeginGetRequestStream(GetRequestStreamCallback, new object[] { request, requestBody });

}

private void GetRequestStreamCallback(IAsyncResult asynchronousResult)
{
    var request = (HttpWebRequest)((object[])asynchronousResult.AsyncState)[0];
    using (var postStream = request.EndGetRequestStream(asynchronousResult))
    {
        var byteArray = (byte[])((object[])asynchronousResult.AsyncState)[1];

        // Write to the request stream.
        postStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);

    }
    request.BeginGetResponse(GetResponseCallback, request);
}

private void GetResponseCallback(IAsyncResult asynchronousResult)
{
    var request = (HttpWebRequest)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
    try
    {
        var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult);
        if (response != null)
        {
            var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
            string responseString = reader.ReadToEnd();
            Credentails = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Credentials>(responseString);
            if (Credentails != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(Credentails.Err))
                CredentialsCallback(Credentails);
            else
            {
                if (Credentails != null)
                    ErrorCallback(new Exception(string.Format("Error Code : {0}", StorageCredentails.Err)));
            }
        }
    }
    catch (WebException we)
    {
            var reader = new StreamReader(we.Response.GetResponseStream());
            string responseString = reader.ReadToEnd();
            Debug.WriteLine(responseString);
            ErrorCallback(we);

    }
} 

Answer 1

由于Windows Phone 8似乎不提供您需要的TAP方法,GetRequestStreamAsync因此首先要做的是编写一个小包装器来为自己提供:

public static class WebRequestAsyncExtensions
{
    public static Task<Stream> GetRequestStreamAsync(this WebRequest request)
    {
        return Task.Factory.FromAsync<Stream>(
            request.BeginGetRequestStream, request.EndGetRequestStream, null);
    }

    public static Task<WebResponse> GetResponseAsync(this WebRequest request)
    {
        return Task.Factory.FromAsync<WebResponse>(
            request.BeginGetResponse, request.EndGetResponse, null);
    }
}

注意使用Task.Factory.FromAsync- 这是获得await基于APM的异步API 的友好包装器的首选方法,例如提供的那些WebRequest.这比使用Task.Factory.StartNew其他人建议的效率要高得多,因为这会启动新线程,而这不需要.

有了这个,您现在可以像在可以使用这些TAP样式方法的平台上那样编写代码(例如,Windows 8商店应用程序,桌面应用程序等):

public async Task GetEnvironmentVariablesAsync(Action<Credentials> getResultCallback, Action<Exception> getErrorCallback)
{
    CredentialsCallback = getResultCallback;
    ErrorCallback = getErrorCallback;
    var uri = new Uri(BaseUri);
    var request = (HttpWebRequest) WebRequest.Create(uri);
    request.Method = "POST";
    request.ContentType = "application/json";
    var jsonObject = new JObject
    {
        new JProperty("apiKey",_api),
        new JProperty("affiliateId",_affid),
    };
    var serializedResult = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(jsonObject);
    byte[] requestBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(serializedResult);

    // ASYNC: using awaitable wrapper to get request stream
    using (var postStream = await request.GetRequestStreamAsync())
    {
        // Write to the request stream.
        // ASYNC: writing to the POST stream can be slow
        await postStream.WriteAsync(requestBody, 0, requestBody.Length);
    }

    try
    {
        // ASYNC: using awaitable wrapper to get response
        var response = (HttpWebResponse) await request.GetResponseAsync();
        if (response != null)
        {
            var reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream());
            // ASYNC: using StreamReader's async method to read to end, in case
            // the stream i slarge.
            string responseString = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
            Credentails = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Credentials>(responseString);
            if (Credentails != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(Credentails.Err))
                CredentialsCallback(Credentails);
            else
            {
                if (Credentails != null)
                    ErrorCallback(new Exception(string.Format("Error Code : {0}", StorageCredentails.Err)));
            }
        }
    }
    catch (WebException we)
    {
        var reader = new StreamReader(we.Response.GetResponseStream());
        string responseString = reader.ReadToEnd();
        Debug.WriteLine(responseString);
        ErrorCallback(we);

    }
}

请注意带有// ASYNC:注释的四行- 这些显示了我进行更改的位置.我已经崩溃了你的方法到一个,因为一旦你使用的是一个)可能async与await和b)不是试图从一个方法传递的东西到下一个使用状态参数容易得多.

请注意,这些中的第二个和第四个实际上使您以前同步执行的操作异步化:将数据写入请求流,并从响应流中读取数据.对于一个小请求,这可能无关紧要,但如果正在传输大量数据,则同步调用Write或ReadToEnd可能阻塞.幸运的是,尽管Windows Phone 8似乎缺少TAP方法WebRequest,但它确实提供了它们Stream,StreamReader因此无需编写任何扩展方法即可实现.