38 python winapi symlink pywin32
有没有人知道从Python的win32版本中创建/读取符号链接的方法？理想情况下,应该有最少量的平台特定代码,因为我需要我的应用程序是跨平台的.
Anu*_*yal 37
NTFS文件系统有连接点,我想你可以使用它们,你可以使用python win32 API模块,例如
import win32file
win32file.CreateSymbolicLink(fileSrc, fileTarget, 1)
如果您不想依赖win32API模块,您可以随时使用ctypes并直接调用CreateSymbolicLinkwin32 API,例如
import ctypes
kdll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll")
kdll.CreateSymbolicLinkA("d:\\test.txt", "d:\\test_link.txt", 0)
MSDN(http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa363866 ( VS.85 ) .aspx)表示支持的最低客户端是Windows Vista
另外:这也适用于目录(用第三个参数表示).有了unicode支持,它看起来像这样:
kdll.CreateSymbolicLinkW(UR"D:\testdirLink", UR"D:\testdir", 1)
另请参阅 在Python中创建NTFS连接点
Cha*_*ald 12
或者如果你想使用pywin32,你可以使用前面提到的方法,并阅读,使用:
from win32file import *
from winioctlcon import FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT
__all__ = ['islink', 'readlink']
# Win32file doesn't seem to have this attribute.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 1024
# To make things easier.
REPARSE_FOLDER = (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
# For the parse_reparse_buffer function
SYMBOLIC_LINK = 'symbolic'
MOUNTPOINT = 'mountpoint'
GENERIC = 'generic'
def islink(fpath):
""" Windows islink implementation. """
if GetFileAttributes(fpath) & REPARSE_FOLDER == REPARSE_FOLDER:
return True
return False
def parse_reparse_buffer(original, reparse_type=SYMBOLIC_LINK):
""" Implementing the below in Python:
typedef struct _REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER {
ULONG ReparseTag;
USHORT ReparseDataLength;
USHORT Reserved;
union {
struct {
USHORT SubstituteNameOffset;
USHORT SubstituteNameLength;
USHORT PrintNameOffset;
USHORT PrintNameLength;
ULONG Flags;
WCHAR PathBuffer[1];
} SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer;
struct {
USHORT SubstituteNameOffset;
USHORT SubstituteNameLength;
USHORT PrintNameOffset;
USHORT PrintNameLength;
WCHAR PathBuffer[1];
} MountPointReparseBuffer;
struct {
UCHAR DataBuffer[1];
} GenericReparseBuffer;
} DUMMYUNIONNAME;
} REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER, *PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER;
"""
# Size of our data types
SZULONG = 4 # sizeof(ULONG)
SZUSHORT = 2 # sizeof(USHORT)
# Our structure.
# Probably a better way to iterate a dictionary in a particular order,
# but I was in a hurry, unfortunately, so I used pkeys.
buffer = {
'tag' : SZULONG,
'data_length' : SZUSHORT,
'reserved' : SZUSHORT,
SYMBOLIC_LINK : {
'substitute_name_offset' : SZUSHORT,
'substitute_name_length' : SZUSHORT,
'print_name_offset' : SZUSHORT,
'print_name_length' : SZUSHORT,
'flags' : SZULONG,
'buffer' : u'',
'pkeys' : [
'substitute_name_offset',
'substitute_name_length',
'print_name_offset',
'print_name_length',
'flags',
]
},
MOUNTPOINT : {
'substitute_name_offset' : SZUSHORT,
'substitute_name_length' : SZUSHORT,
'print_name_offset' : SZUSHORT,
'print_name_length' : SZUSHORT,
'buffer' : u'',
'pkeys' : [
'substitute_name_offset',
'substitute_name_length',
'print_name_offset',
'print_name_length',
]
},
GENERIC : {
'pkeys' : [],
'buffer': ''
}
}
# Header stuff
buffer['tag'] = original[:SZULONG]
buffer['data_length'] = original[SZULONG:SZUSHORT]
buffer['reserved'] = original[SZULONG+SZUSHORT:SZUSHORT]
original = original[8:]
# Parsing
k = reparse_type
for c in buffer[k]['pkeys']:
if type(buffer[k][c]) == int:
sz = buffer[k][c]
bytes = original[:sz]
buffer[k][c] = 0
for b in bytes:
n = ord(b)
if n:
buffer[k][c] += n
original = original[sz:]
# Using the offset and length's grabbed, we'll set the buffer.
buffer[k]['buffer'] = original
return buffer
def readlink(fpath):
""" Windows readlink implementation. """
# This wouldn't return true if the file didn't exist, as far as I know.
if not islink(fpath):
return None
# Open the file correctly depending on the string type.
handle = CreateFileW(fpath, GENERIC_READ, 0, None, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT, 0) \
if type(fpath) == unicode else \
CreateFile(fpath, GENERIC_READ, 0, None, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT, 0)
# MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE = 16384 = (16*1024)
buffer = DeviceIoControl(handle, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, None, 16*1024)
# Above will return an ugly string (byte array), so we'll need to parse it.
# But first, we'll close the handle to our file so we're not locking it anymore.
CloseHandle(handle)
# Minimum possible length (assuming that the length of the target is bigger than 0)
if len(buffer) < 9:
return None
# Parse and return our result.
result = parse_reparse_buffer(buffer)
offset = result[SYMBOLIC_LINK]['substitute_name_offset']
ending = offset + result[SYMBOLIC_LINK]['substitute_name_length']
rpath = result[SYMBOLIC_LINK]['buffer'][offset:ending].replace('\x00','')
if len(rpath) > 4 and rpath[0:4] == '\\??\\':
rpath = rpath[4:]
return rpath
def realpath(fpath):
from os import path
while islink(fpath):
rpath = readlink(fpath)
if not path.isabs(rpath):
rpath = path.abspath(path.join(path.dirname(fpath), rpath))
fpath = rpath
return fpath
def example():
from os import system, unlink
system('cmd.exe /c echo Hello World > test.txt')
system('mklink test-link.txt test.txt')
print 'IsLink: %s' % islink('test-link.txt')
print 'ReadLink: %s' % readlink('test-link.txt')
print 'RealPath: %s' % realpath('test-link.txt')
unlink('test-link.txt')
unlink('test.txt')
if __name__=='__main__':
example()
根据您的需要调整CreateFile中的属性,但对于正常情况,它应该可以工作.随意改进它.
如果您使用MOUNTPOINT而不是SYMBOLIC_LINK,它也适用于文件夹联结.
你可以检查一下
sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 6
如果你把它放到你发布的东西上,因为这种形式的符号链接只在Vista +上支持.
Reh*_*aja 11
os.symlink适用于使用Windows 8.1和NTFS文件系统的Python 3.3.
在子进程中使用mklink命令创建链接.
from subprocess import call
call(['mklink', 'LINK', 'TARGET'], shell=True)
我将以下内容放入Lib/site-packages/sitecustomize.py中
import os
__CSL = None
def symlink(source, link_name):
'''symlink(source, link_name)
Creates a symbolic link pointing to source named link_name'''
global __CSL
if __CSL is None:
import ctypes
csl = ctypes.windll.kernel32.CreateSymbolicLinkW
csl.argtypes = (ctypes.c_wchar_p, ctypes.c_wchar_p, ctypes.c_uint32)
csl.restype = ctypes.c_ubyte
__CSL = csl
flags = 0
if source is not None and os.path.isdir(source):
flags = 1
if __CSL(link_name, source, flags) == 0:
raise ctypes.WinError()
os.symlink = symlink
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