OpenCV的脉冲,高斯和盐和胡椒噪音

Question

我正在着名的冈萨雷斯"数字图像处理"研究图像处理,并谈论图像恢复,很多例子都是用计算机生成的噪声(高斯,盐和胡椒等)完成的.在MATLAB中有一些内置函数可以做到这一点.那么OpenCV呢？

Answer 1

据我所知,没有像Matlab那样方便的内置函数.但只需几行代码就可以自己创建这些图像.

例如加性高斯噪声:

Mat gaussian_noise = img.clone();
randn(gaussian_noise,128,30);

盐和胡椒噪音:

Mat saltpepper_noise = Mat::zeros(img.rows, img.cols,CV_8U);
randu(saltpepper_noise,0,255);

Mat black = saltpepper_noise < 30;
Mat white = saltpepper_noise > 225;

Mat saltpepper_img = img.clone();
saltpepper_img.setTo(255,white);
saltpepper_img.setTo(0,black);

Answer 2

简单的功能是为图像添加高斯,椒盐斑点和泊松噪声

Parameters
----------
image : ndarray
    Input image data. Will be converted to float.
mode : str
    One of the following strings, selecting the type of noise to add:

    'gauss'     Gaussian-distributed additive noise.
    'poisson'   Poisson-distributed noise generated from the data.
    's&p'       Replaces random pixels with 0 or 1.
    'speckle'   Multiplicative noise using out = image + n*image,where
                n,is uniform noise with specified mean & variance.

import numpy as np
import os
import cv2

def noisy(noise_typ,image):

if noise_typ == "gauss":
        row,col,ch= image.shape
        mean = 0
        #var = 0.1
       #sigma = var**0.5
        gauss = np.random.normal(mean,1,(row,col,ch))
        gauss = gauss.reshape(row,col,ch)
        noisy = image + gauss
        return noisy
    elif noise_typ == "s&p":
        row,col,ch = image.shape
        s_vs_p = 0.5
        amount = 0.004
        out = image
        # Salt mode
        num_salt = np.ceil(amount * image.size * s_vs_p)
        coords = [np.random.randint(0, i - 1, int(num_salt))
                  for i in image.shape]
        out[coords] = 1

        # Pepper mode
        num_pepper = np.ceil(amount* image.size * (1. - s_vs_p))
        coords = [np.random.randint(0, i - 1, int(num_pepper))
                  for i in image.shape]
        out[coords] = 0
        return out
    elif noise_typ == "poisson":
        vals = len(np.unique(image))
        vals = 2 ** np.ceil(np.log2(vals))
        noisy = np.random.poisson(image * vals) / float(vals)
        return noisy
    elif noise_typ =="speckle":
        row,col,ch = image.shape
        gauss = np.random.randn(row,col,ch)
        gauss = gauss.reshape(row,col,ch)        
        noisy = image + image * gauss
        return noisy

Answer 3

使用NumPy矩阵运算可以以非常简单的方式添加"Salt&Pepper"噪声.

def add_salt_and_pepper(gb, prob):
    '''Adds "Salt & Pepper" noise to an image.
    gb: should be one-channel image with pixels in [0, 1] range
    prob: probability (threshold) that controls level of noise'''

    rnd = np.random.rand(gb.shape[0], gb.shape[1])
    noisy = gb.copy()
    noisy[rnd < prob] = 0
    noisy[rnd > 1 - prob] = 1
    return noisy

Answer 4

# Adding noise to the image    

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

img = cv2.imread('./fruit.png',0)
im = np.zeros(img.shape, np.uint8) # do not use original image it overwrites the image
mean = 0
sigma = 10
cv2.randn(im,mean,sigma) # create the random distribution
Fruit_Noise = cv2.add(img, im) # add the noise to the original image
plt.imshow(Fruit_Noise, cmap='gray')

可以改变均值和西格玛的值以引起噪声的特定变化，例如高斯噪声或胡椒盐噪声等。您可以根据需要使用 randn 或 randu。看看文档：https : //docs.opencv.org/2.4/modules/core/doc/operations_on_arrays.html#cv2.randu

Answer 5

有功能random_noise()从scikit图像包。它有几个内置噪声图案，例如gaussian，s&p（对于椒盐噪声），possion和speckle。

下面我显示了如何使用此方法的示例

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
from skimage.util import random_noise

im = Image.open("test.jpg")
# convert PIL Image to ndarray
im_arr = np.asarray(im)

# random_noise() method will convert image in [0, 255] to [0, 1.0],
# inherently it use np.random.normal() to create normal distribution
# and adds the generated noised back to image
noise_img = random_noise(im_arr, mode='gaussian', var=0.05**2)
noise_img = (255*noise_img).astype(np.uint8)

img = Image.fromarray(noise_img)
img.show()

还有一个名为imgaug的软件包，专用于以各种方式增强图像。它提供高斯，泊桑和盐和胡椒粉噪声增强剂。这是使用它为图像添加噪点的方法：

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
from imgaug import augmenters as iaa


def main():
    im = Image.open("bg_img.jpg")
    im_arr = np.asarray(im)

    # gaussian noise
    # aug = iaa.AdditiveGaussianNoise(loc=0, scale=0.1*255)

    # poisson noise
    # aug = iaa.AdditivePoissonNoise(lam=10.0, per_channel=True)

    # salt and pepper noise
    aug = iaa.SaltAndPepper(p=0.05)

    im_arr = aug.augment_image(im_arr)

    im = Image.fromarray(im_arr).convert('RGB')
    im.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()