在构造函数中初始化public static final变量

Question

我正在尝试Version为我的应用程序创建一个类,它将在加载时从清单中读取版本号,然后仅参考例如Version.MAJOR我在其他地方需要它的地方.但是,我遇到了这样的问题.这是我目前的代码:

 public class Version {

    public static final int APPCODE;
    public static final int MAJOR;
    public static final int MINOR;
    public static final char RELEASE;
    public static final int BUILD;

    static {

        try {
            Class clazz = Version.class;
            String className = clazz.getSimpleName() + ".class";
            String classPath = clazz.getResource(className).toString();
            if (classPath.startsWith("jar")) {
                String manifestPath = classPath.substring(0, classPath.lastIndexOf("!") + 1) + "/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF";
                Manifest manifest = new Manifest(new URL(manifestPath).openStream());
                Attributes attr = manifest.getMainAttributes();
                APPCODE = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("APPCODE"));
                MAJOR = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MAJOR"));
                MINOR = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MINOR"));
                RELEASE = attr.getValue("RELEASE").charAt(0);
                BUILD = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("BUILD"));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.exit(9001);
        }
    }
}

它不会编译,因为static final变量可能没有被初始化(例如,如果加载了错误的清单或加载了异常),我无法弄清楚执行此操作的正确程序是什么.

阅读这个问题给了我一些不使用的见解public static final.我应该使用public staticgetter方法吗？

Answer 1

如果确保始终只为final字段分配一次,编译器会很高兴:

public class Version {

    public static final int APPCODE;
    public static final int MAJOR;
    public static final int MINOR;
    public static final char RELEASE;
    public static final int BUILD;

    static {
        int appcode = 0;
        int major = 0;
        int minor = 0;
        char release = 0;
        int build = 0;
        try {
            Class clazz = Version.class;
            String className = clazz.getSimpleName() + ".class";
            String classPath = clazz.getResource(className).toString();
            if (classPath.startsWith("jar")) {
                String manifestPath = classPath.substring(0,
                        classPath.lastIndexOf("!") + 1)
                        + "/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF";
                Manifest manifest = new Manifest(
                        new URL(manifestPath).openStream());
                Attributes attr = manifest.getMainAttributes();
                appcode = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("APPCODE"));
                major = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MAJOR"));
                minor = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("MINOR"));
                release = attr.getValue("RELEASE").charAt(0);
                build = Integer.parseInt(attr.getValue("BUILD"));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.exit(9001);
        }
        APPCODE = appcode;
        MAJOR = major;
        MINOR = minor;
        RELEASE = release;
        BUILD = build;
    }
}