具有中间值的融合优化

Question

GHC是否会像没有中间值一样有效地转换表达式？

例如

main = print $ f ["aa", "bb", "cc"]

f x = 
   let a = map (map toUpper) x
       b = filter (\z -> 'C' /= head z) a
       c = foldl1 (++) b
   in c

似乎有非常不同的核心输出(与-ddump-simple)

f x = foldl1 (++) $ filter (\z -> 'C' /= head z) $ map (map toUpper) x

具有中间值的表达式是否(显着)更长时间来评估？

Answer 1

线性使用中间let绑定相当于放在(.)值之间.

GHC将通过这些管道融合.你可以从结果中看到-ddump-simpl-stats

使用Bindings:

15 RuleFired
    1 ++
    1 Class op /=
    1 Class op show
    1 Class op showList
    1 filter
    1 fold/build
    1 foldr/app
    1 map
    1 neChar#->case
    3 unpack
    3 unpack-list

使用管道:

15 RuleFired
    1 ++
    1 Class op /=
    1 Class op show
    1 Class op showList
    1 filter
    1 fold/build
    1 foldr/app
    1 map
    1 neChar#->case
    3 unpack
    3 unpack-list

和同样融合的工人:

使用Bindings:

Main.main_go =
  \ (ds_aAz :: [[GHC.Types.Char]]) ->
    case ds_aAz of _ {
      [] -> GHC.Types.[] @ [GHC.Types.Char];
      : y_aAE ys_aAF ->
        case GHC.Base.map
               @ GHC.Types.Char @ GHC.Types.Char GHC.Unicode.toUpper y_aAE
        of wild1_azI {
          [] ->
            GHC.List.badHead
            `cast` (UnsafeCo (forall a_azK. a_azK) [[GHC.Types.Char]]
                    :: (forall a_azK. a_azK) ~ [[GHC.Types.Char]]);
          : x_azM ds1_azN ->
            case x_azM of _ { GHC.Types.C# c2_aAa ->
            case c2_aAa of _ {
              __DEFAULT ->
                GHC.Types.: @ [GHC.Types.Char] wild1_azI (Main.main_go ys_aAF);
              'C' -> Main.main_go ys_aAF
            }

管道:

Main.main_go =
  \ (ds_aAA :: [[GHC.Types.Char]]) ->
    case ds_aAA of _ {
      [] -> GHC.Types.[] @ [GHC.Types.Char];
      : y_aAF ys_aAG ->
        case GHC.Base.map
               @ GHC.Types.Char @ GHC.Types.Char GHC.Unicode.toUpper y_aAF
        of wild1_azB {
          [] ->
            GHC.List.badHead
            `cast` (UnsafeCo (forall a_azD. a_azD) [[GHC.Types.Char]]
                    :: (forall a_azD. a_azD) ~ [[GHC.Types.Char]]);
          : x_azF ds1_azG ->
            case x_azF of _ { GHC.Types.C# c2_aA3 ->
            case c2_aA3 of _ {
              __DEFAULT ->
                GHC.Types.: @ [GHC.Types.Char] wild1_azB (Main.main_go ys_aAG);
              'C' -> Main.main_go ys_aAG
            }
            }

你忘了用-O2编译吗？