pet*_*ust 107 regex word-boundary
我在Java 1.6中使用Java正则表达式(尤其是解析数字输出)并且找不到\b("单词边界")的精确定义.我假设这-12将是一个"整数字"(匹配 \b\-?\d+\b),但似乎这不起作用.我很想知道匹配空格分隔数字的方法.
例:
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\s*\\b\\-?\\d+\\s*");
String plus = " 12 ";
System.out.println(""+pattern.matcher(plus).matches());
String minus = " -12 ";
System.out.println(""+pattern.matcher(minus).matches());
pattern = Pattern.compile("\\s*\\-?\\d+\\s*");
System.out.println(""+pattern.matcher(minus).matches());
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false
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bri*_*ary 80
词边界,在大多数的正则表达式的方言,是一个之间的位置\w和\W(非字字符)的开始或结束的字符串的,或者如果它与字字符开始或结束(分别)( [0-9A-Za-z_]).
因此,在字符串中"-12",它将在1之前或之后匹配.短划线不是单词字符.
Ala*_*ore 12
单词边界是一个位置,前面是一个单词字符,后面没有一个单词,或者后跟一个单词字符,前面没有一个字符.
我\b在这里谈论什么样的正则表达式边界.
简短的故事是他们是有条件的.他们的行为取决于他们的下一步.
# same as using a \b before:
(?(?=\w) (?<!\w) | (?<!\W) )
# same as using a \b after:
(?(?<=\w) (?!\w) | (?!\W) )
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有时这不是你想要的.请参阅我的其他答案进行详细说明.
小智 6
搜索文本时的话喜欢我遇到了一个更糟糕的问题.NET,C++,C#,和C。你会认为计算机程序员比给一种难以编写正则表达式的语言命名更清楚。
无论如何,这就是我发现的(主要来自http://www.regular-expressions.info,这是一个很棒的网站):在大多数正则表达式中,由简写字符类匹配的字符\w是被单词边界视为单词字符的字符。Java 是个例外。Java 支持 Unicode for\b但不支持\w. (我确信当时有一个很好的理由)。
该\w代表“单词字符”。它总是匹配 ASCII 字符[A-Za-z0-9_]。请注意包含下划线和数字(但不是破折号!)。在大多数支持 Unicode 的风格中,\w包括许多来自其他脚本的字符。关于实际包含哪些字符存在很多不一致之处。通常包括来自字母文字和表意文字的字母和数字。可能包含也可能不包含下划线和数字符号以外的连接符标点符号。XML Schema 和 XPath 甚至包括\w. 但是 Java、JavaScript 和 PCRE 仅匹配带有\w.
这就是为什么基于 Java 的正则表达式搜索C++, C#or .NET(即使您记得要避开句号和加号)被\b.
注意:我不知道如何处理文本中的错误,比如有人没有在句末的句号后加空格。我允许这样做,但我不确定这是否一定是正确的做法。
无论如何,在 Java 中,如果您正在搜索那些名称怪异的语言的文本,则需要将\b前后的空格和标点符号替换为。例如:
public static String grep(String regexp, String multiLineStringToSearch) {
String result = "";
String[] lines = multiLineStringToSearch.split("\\n");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regexp);
for (String line : lines) {
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(line);
if (matcher.find()) {
result = result + "\n" + line;
}
}
return result.trim();
}
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然后在您的测试或主要功能中:
String beforeWord = "(\\s|\\.|\\,|\\!|\\?|\\(|\\)|\\'|\\\"|^)";
String afterWord = "(\\s|\\.|\\,|\\!|\\?|\\(|\\)|\\'|\\\"|$)";
text = "Programming in C, (C++) C#, Java, and .NET.";
System.out.println("text="+text);
// Here is where Java word boundaries do not work correctly on "cutesy" computer language names.
System.out.println("Bad word boundary can't find because of Java: grep with word boundary for .NET="+ grep("\\b\\.NET\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep exactly for .NET="+ grep(beforeWord+"\\.NET"+afterWord, text));
System.out.println("Bad word boundary can't find because of Java: grep with word boundary for C#="+ grep("\\bC#\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep exactly for C#="+ grep("C#"+afterWord, text));
System.out.println("Bad word boundary can't find because of Java:grep with word boundary for C++="+ grep("\\bC\\+\\+\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep exactly for C++="+ grep(beforeWord+"C\\+\\+"+afterWord, text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep with word boundary for Java="+ grep("\\bJava\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep for case-insensitive java="+ grep("?i)\\bjava\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should find: grep with word boundary for C="+ grep("\\bC\\b", text)); // Works Ok for this example, but see below
// Because of the stupid too-short cutsey name, searches find stuff it shouldn't.
text = "Worked on C&O (Chesapeake and Ohio) Canal when I was younger; more recently developed in Lisp.";
System.out.println("text="+text);
System.out.println("Bad word boundary because of C name: grep with word boundary for C="+ grep("\\bC\\b", text));
System.out.println("Should be blank: grep exactly for C="+ grep(beforeWord+"C"+afterWord, text));
// Make sure the first and last cases work OK.
text = "C is a language that should have been named differently.";
System.out.println("text="+text);
System.out.println("grep exactly for C="+ grep(beforeWord+"C"+afterWord, text));
text = "One language that should have been named differently is C";
System.out.println("text="+text);
System.out.println("grep exactly for C="+ grep(beforeWord+"C"+afterWord, text));
//Make sure we don't get false positives
text = "The letter 'c' can be hard as in Cat, or soft as in Cindy. Computer languages should not require disambiguation (e.g. Ruby, Python vs. Fortran, Hadoop)";
System.out.println("text="+text);
System.out.println("Should be blank: grep exactly for C="+ grep(beforeWord+"C"+afterWord, text));
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PS 我要感谢http://regexpal.com/没有他,正则表达式世界将非常悲惨!
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