exp*_*ert 43 c++ boost boost-asio
我正在审查Boost网站上的HTTP Server 3示例.
你能解释我为什么需要strand每个连接吗?正如我所看到的,我们read_some只在read-event的处理程序中调用.所以基本上read_some调用是顺序的,因此不需要strand(第3段的第2项说同样的事情).多线程环境中的风险在哪里?
Tan*_*ury 88
文档是正确的.使用半双工协议实现,例如HTTP Server 3,strand不是必需的.调用链可以说明如下:
void connection::start()
{
socket.async_receive_from(..., &handle_read); ----.
} |
.------------------------------------------------'
| .-----------------------------------------.
V V |
void connection::handle_read(...) |
{ |
if (result) |
boost::asio::async_write(..., &handle_write); ---|--.
else if (!result) | |
boost::asio::async_write(..., &handle_write); --|--|
else | |
socket_.async_read_some(..., &handle_read); ----' |
} |
.---------------------------------------------------'
|
V
void handle_write(...)
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如图所示,每个路径只启动一个异步事件.由于不可能同时执行处理程序或操作socket_,因此它被称为在隐式链中运行.
虽然它不会在示例中出现问题,但我想强调一下股线和组合操作的一个重要细节,例如boost::asio::async_write.在解释细节之前,让我们首先用Boost.Asio覆盖线程安全模型.对于大多数Boost.Asio对象,在对象上挂起多个异步操作是安全的.它只是指定对象的并发调用是不安全的.在下图中,每列代表一个线程,每一行代表一个线程在某个时刻正在做什么.
单个线程进行顺序调用是安全的,而其他线程没有:
thread_1 | thread_2 --------------------------------------+--------------------------------------- socket.async_receive(...); | ... socket.async_write_some(...); | ...
多个线程可以安全地进行调用,但不能同时进行:
thread_1 | thread_2 --------------------------------------+--------------------------------------- socket.async_receive(...); | ... ... | socket.async_write_some(...);
但是,多个线程同时进行调用是不安全的1:
thread_1 | thread_2 --------------------------------------+--------------------------------------- socket.async_receive(...); | socket.async_write_some(...); ... | ...
为了防止并发调用,通常从内部调用处理程序.这可以通过:
strand.wrap.这将返回一个新的处理程序,它将通过strand分派.组合操作的独特之处在于,在处理程序的链中调用对流的中间调用(如果存在),而不是启动组合操作的链.与其他操作相比,这表明了指定链的位置的反转.下面是一些关注链使用的示例代码,它将演示通过非组合操作读取的套接字,并通过组合操作同时写入.
void start()
{
// Start read and write chains. If multiple threads have called run on
// the service, then they may be running concurrently. To protect the
// socket, use the strand.
strand_.post(&read);
strand_.post(&write);
}
// read always needs to be posted through the strand because it invokes a
// non-composed operation on the socket.
void read()
{
// async_receive is initiated from within the strand. The handler does
// not affect the strand in which async_receive is executed.
socket_.async_receive(read_buffer_, &handle_read);
}
// This is not running within a strand, as read did not wrap it.
void handle_read()
{
// Need to post read into the strand, otherwise the async_receive would
// not be safe.
strand_.post(&read);
}
// The entry into the write loop needs to be posted through a strand.
// All intermediate handlers and the next iteration of the asynchronous write
// loop will be running in a strand due to the handler being wrapped.
void write()
{
// async_write will make one or more calls to socket_.async_write_some.
// All intermediate handlers (calls after the first), are executed
// within the handler's context (strand_).
boost::asio::async_write(socket_, write_buffer_,
strand_.wrap(&handle_write));
}
// This will be invoked from within the strand, as it was a wrapped
// handler in write().
void handle_write()
{
// handler_write() is invoked within a strand, so write() does not
// have to dispatched through the strand.
write();
}
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此外,在组合操作中,Boost.Asio使用参数依赖查找(ADL)通过完成处理程序的链调用中间处理程序.因此,完成处理程序的类型具有适当的asio_handler_invoke()钩子是很重要的.如果类型擦除发生在没有适当asio_handler_invoke()钩子的类型上,例如a boost::function是从返回类型构造的情况strand.wrap,那么中间处理程序将在strand之外执行,并且只有完成处理程序将在strand中执行.有关详细信息,请参阅此答案.
在以下代码中,所有中间处理程序和完成处理程序将在strand中执行:
boost::asio::async_write(stream, buffer, strand.wrap(&handle_write));
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在以下代码中,只有完成处理程序将在strand中执行.没有任何中间处理程序将在链中执行:
boost::function<void()> handler(strand.wrap(&handle_write));
boost::asio::async_write(stream, buffer, handler);
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1. 修订历史记录了此规则的异常.如果操作系统支持,则同步读取,写入,接受和连接操作是线程安全的.为了完整起见,我在这里包括它,但建议谨慎使用它.
我相信这是因为组合操作async_write.async_write由异步多个socket :: async_write_some组成.Strand有助于序列化这些操作.asio的作者克里斯·科尔霍夫(Chris Kohlhoff)在1:17 左右的简短谈话中简要谈到了这一点.