Spring Framework测试RESTful Web服务(控制器)脱机即没有服务器,没有数据库

Question

我有一个非常简单的RESTful Controller,它消耗并生成JSON.我需要离线测试这个控制器,即没有服务器运行,没有数据库运行.而我因为无法找到解决方案而感到疯狂.我的初步测试用例包括:

• 测试REST URI,即GET,POST,PUT,DELETE - 我必须能够根据发送的数据断言返回的数据.
• Assert将测试JSON数据

我有以下URI:

• / pcusers - 返回所有用户
• / pcusers/{id} - 返回特定用户
• / pcusers/create/{pcuser} - 将用户添加到db
• / pcusers/update/{pcuser} - 更新用户
• / pcusers/delete/{id} - 删除用户

注意:这不是典型的MVC应用程序.我没有意见.我有一个纯REST控制器,它会吐出JSON并使用JSON格式的数据.

如果有人可以指导我朝着正确的方向,我将非常感激.

只是为了清楚我的代码如何:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pcusers")
public class PcUserController {
    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(PcUserController.class);

    @Resource(name = "pcUserService")
    private PcUserService pcUserService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<PcUser> readAll() {
        logger.debug("Delegating to service to return all PcUsers");
        return pcUserService.readAll();
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET, consumes = "application/json", produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public PcUser read(@PathVariable String id) {
        logger.debug("Delegating to service to return PcUser " + id);
        return pcUserService.read(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/create/{pcUser}", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = "application/json", produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public boolean create(@PathVariable PcUser pcUser) {
        logger.debug("Delegating to service to create new PcUser");
        return pcUserService.create(pcUser);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/update/{pcUser}", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = "application/json", produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public boolean update(@PathVariable PcUser pcUser) {
        logger.debug("Delegating to service to update existing PcUser");
        return pcUserService.update(pcUser);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = "application/json", produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable String id) {
        logger.debug("Delegating to service to delete existing PcUser");
        return pcUserService.delete(id);
    }
}

更新(2012年2月5日): 经过一些研究,我遇到了一个名为spring-test-mvc的Spring框架.它看起来非常有前景,我已经设法在这方面取得了良好的开端.但现在我遇到了一个新问题.当我向"/ pcusers/{id}"提交GET请求时,控件将传递给负责处理该映射的read方法.在该方法内部,我有一个执行读取的pcUserService.现在,问题是当我运行此测试时,真实控制器内的pcUserService实例为NULL; 因此无法在NULL对象上调用read,因此它最终崩溃.

这是PcUserControllerTest代码:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:/applicationContextTest.xml")
public class PcUserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    PcUserService pcUserService;

    @Autowired
    PcUserController pcUserController;

    PcUser pcUser;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        pcUser = new PcUser("John", "Li", "Weasley", "john", "john", new DateTime());

        pcUserService.create(pcUser);
    }

    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        pcUserService.delete(pcUser.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldGetPcUser() throws Exception {
        standaloneSetup(pcUserController)
                .build()
                .perform(get("/pcusers/" + pcUser.getId()).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }
}

Answer 1

这是一个应该给你一些想法的建议.我假设你熟悉SpringJUnit4ClassRunner和@ContextConfiguration.首先创建一个包含PcUserController和模拟的测试应用程序上下文PcUserService.在PcUserControllerTest下面的示例类中,Jackson用于转换JSON消息,Mockito用于模拟.

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(/* Insert test application context here */)
public class PcUserControllerTest {

    MockHttpServletRequest requestMock;
    MockHttpServletResponse responseMock;
    AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter handlerAdapter;
    ObjectMapper mapper;
    PcUser pcUser;

    @Autowired
    PcUserController pcUserController;

    @Autowired
    PcUserService pcUserServiceMock;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        requestMock = new MockHttpServletRequest();
        requestMock.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
        requestMock.addHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);

        responseMock = new MockHttpServletResponse();

        handlerAdapter = new AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter();
        HttpMessageConverter[] messageConverters = {new MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter()};
        handlerAdapter.setMessageConverters(messageConverters);

        mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        pcUser = new PcUser(...);

        reset(pcUserServiceMock);
    }
}

现在,我们拥有创建测试所需的所有代码:

@Test
public void shouldGetUser() throws Exception {
    requestMock.setMethod("GET");
    requestMock.setRequestURI("/pcusers/1");

    when(pcUserServiceMock.read(1)).thenReturn(pcUser);

    handlerAdapter.handle(requestMock, responseMock, pcUserController);

    assertThat(responseMock.getStatus(), is(HttpStatus.SC_OK));
    PcUser actualPcUser = mapper.readValue(responseMock.getContentAsString(), PcUser.class);
    assertThat(actualPcUser, is(pcUser));
}


@Test
public void shouldCreateUser() throws Exception {
    requestMock.setMethod("POST");
    requestMock.setRequestURI("/pcusers/create/1");
    String jsonPcUser = mapper.writeValueAsString(pcUser);
    requestMock.setContent(jsonPcUser.getBytes());

    handlerAdapter.handle(requestMock, responseMock, pcUserController);

    verify(pcUserServiceMock).create(pcUser);
}