Lax*_*khi 10 python ca python-requests
目前我们正在使用一种将 CA 证书放在服务器上的方法来访问第三方 API。
certificate_path = os.path.join(CERT_PATH, 'cacert.pem')
certificate_key_path = os.path.join(CERT_PATH, 'cacert.key')
response = requests.get(url, cert=(certificate_path, certificate_key_path))
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这是有效的,但我们正在寻找而不是将 CA 证书存储在服务器上,Accounts出于安全目的(客户提出的安全原因)存储在数据库的表中。
所以问题是:
有没有什么方法可以直接将 CA 证书的字符串传递给requests直接(除了将内容写入临时文件)?
是否有任何其他httppython 模块支持在http获取/发布请求中传递 CA 证书的字符串?
我们应该使用其他方法而不是将它们存储在数据库和服务器上吗?
小智 5
有一种方法可以通过临时文件来做到这一点,如下所示:
cert = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
cert.write(CERTIFICATE_AS_STRING)
cert.close()
requests.get(url, cert=cert.name, verify=True)
os.unlink(cert.name)
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如果您想知道为什么这可能不安全,请在此处查看我的答案:https : //stackoverflow.com/a/46570264/6445270
您提供的示例是传递客户端证书,如请求文档中所示。
就目前而言,无法在内存中(或作为字符串)传递客户端证书和密钥。
猴子修补来拯救- 通过猴子修补,requests您可以添加从内存加载客户端证书和密钥的能力。以下补丁允许以各种格式传递客户端证书和密钥,而不会破坏现有功能。
import requests
from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS12, X509, PKey
def _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
'''In memory key is not encrypted'''
if isinstance(keyfile, PKey):
return False
return _is_key_file_encrypted.original(keyfile)
class PyOpenSSLContext(requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.PyOpenSSLContext):
'''Support loading certs from memory'''
def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
if isinstance(certfile, X509) and isinstance(keyfile, PKey):
self._ctx.use_certificate(certfile)
self._ctx.use_privatekey(keyfile)
else:
super().load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile=keyfile, password=password)
class HTTPAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
'''Handle a variety of cert types'''
def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
if cert:
# PKCS12
if isinstance(cert, PKCS12):
conn.cert_file = cert.get_certificate()
conn.key_file = cert.get_privatekey()
cert = None
elif isinstance(cert, tuple) and len(cert) == 2:
# X509 and PKey
if isinstance(cert[0], X509) and hasattr(cert[1], PKey):
conn.cert_file = cert[0]
conn.key_file = cert[1]
cert = None
# cryptography objects
elif hasattr(cert[0], 'public_bytes') and hasattr(cert[1], 'private_bytes'):
conn.cert_file = X509.from_cryptography(cert[0])
conn.key_file = PKey.from_cryptography_key(cert[1])
cert = None
super().cert_verify(conn, url, verify, cert)
def patch_requests(adapter=True):
'''You can perform a full patch and use requests as usual:
>>> patch_requests()
>>> requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
or use the adapter explicitly:
>>> patch_requests(adapter=False)
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.mount('https', HTTPAdapter())
>>> session.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
'''
if hasattr(requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_, '_is_key_file_encrypted'):
_is_key_file_encrypted.original = requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_._is_key_file_encrypted
requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_._is_key_file_encrypted = _is_key_file_encrypted
requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
if adapter:
requests.sessions.HTTPAdapter = HTTPAdapter
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要使用补丁,您可以执行以下操作(假设上述代码位于名为 的文件中patch.py)
import os
import requests
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from patch import patch_requests
CLIENT_CERT = serialization.load_pem_x509_certificate(
os.getenv('CLIENT_CERT'), default_backend())
CLIENT_KEY = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
os.getenv('CLIENT_KEY'), None, default_backend())
# monkey patch load_cert_chain to allow loading
# cryptography certs and keys from memory
patch_requests()
response = requests.get(url, cert=(CLIENT_CERT, CLIENT_KEY))
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您现在可以将客户端证书作为pyopenssl对象或cryptography对象提供给内存中的请求。
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