Python 请求 CA 证书作为字符串

Lax*_*khi 10 python ca python-requests

目前我们正在使用一种将 CA 证书放在服务器上的方法来访问第三方 API。

certificate_path = os.path.join(CERT_PATH, 'cacert.pem')
certificate_key_path = os.path.join(CERT_PATH, 'cacert.key')
response = requests.get(url, cert=(certificate_path, certificate_key_path))
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这是有效的,但我们正在寻找而不是将 CA 证书存储在服务器上,Accounts出于安全目的(客户提出的安全原因)存储在数据库的表中。

所以问题是:

  • 有没有什么方法可以直接将 CA 证书的字符串传递给requests直接(除了将内容写入临时文件)?

  • 是否有任何其他httppython 模块支持在http获取/发布请求中传递 CA 证书的字符串?

  • 我们应该使用其他方法而不是将它们存储在数据库和服务器上吗?

小智 5

有一种方法可以通过临时文件来做到这一点,如下所示:

cert = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
cert.write(CERTIFICATE_AS_STRING)
cert.close()
requests.get(url, cert=cert.name, verify=True)
os.unlink(cert.name)
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如果您想知道为什么这可能不安全,请在此处查看我的答案:https : //stackoverflow.com/a/46570264/6445270


gre*_*der 5

您提供的示例是传递客户端证书,如请求文档中所示。

就目前而言,无法在内存中(或作为字符串)传递客户端证书和密钥。

猴子修补来拯救- 通过猴子修补,requests您可以添加从内存加载客户端证书和密钥的能力。以下补丁允许以各种格式传递客户端证书和密钥,而不会破坏现有功能。

import requests
from OpenSSL.crypto import PKCS12, X509, PKey


def _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
    '''In memory key is not encrypted'''
    if isinstance(keyfile, PKey):
        return False
    return _is_key_file_encrypted.original(keyfile)


class PyOpenSSLContext(requests.packages.urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.PyOpenSSLContext):
    '''Support loading certs from memory'''
    def load_cert_chain(self, certfile, keyfile=None, password=None):
        if isinstance(certfile, X509) and isinstance(keyfile, PKey):
            self._ctx.use_certificate(certfile)
            self._ctx.use_privatekey(keyfile)
        else:
            super().load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile=keyfile, password=password)


class HTTPAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
    '''Handle a variety of cert types'''
    def cert_verify(self, conn, url, verify, cert):
        if cert:
            # PKCS12
            if isinstance(cert, PKCS12):
                conn.cert_file = cert.get_certificate()
                conn.key_file = cert.get_privatekey()
                cert = None
            elif isinstance(cert, tuple) and len(cert) == 2:
                # X509 and PKey
                if isinstance(cert[0], X509) and hasattr(cert[1], PKey):
                    conn.cert_file = cert[0]
                    conn.key_file = cert[1]
                    cert = None
                # cryptography objects
                elif hasattr(cert[0], 'public_bytes') and hasattr(cert[1], 'private_bytes'):
                    conn.cert_file = X509.from_cryptography(cert[0])
                    conn.key_file = PKey.from_cryptography_key(cert[1])
                    cert = None
        super().cert_verify(conn, url, verify, cert)


def patch_requests(adapter=True):
    '''You can perform a full patch and use requests as usual:

    >>> patch_requests()
    >>> requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')

    or use the adapter explicitly:

    >>> patch_requests(adapter=False)
    >>> session = requests.Session()
    >>> session.mount('https', HTTPAdapter())
    >>> session.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
    '''
    if hasattr(requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_, '_is_key_file_encrypted'):
        _is_key_file_encrypted.original = requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_._is_key_file_encrypted
        requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_._is_key_file_encrypted = _is_key_file_encrypted
    requests.packages.urllib3.util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext
    if adapter:
        requests.sessions.HTTPAdapter = HTTPAdapter
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要使用补丁,您可以执行以下操作(假设上述代码位于名为 的文件中patch.py

import os
import requests
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from patch import patch_requests


CLIENT_CERT = serialization.load_pem_x509_certificate(
    os.getenv('CLIENT_CERT'), default_backend())
CLIENT_KEY = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
    os.getenv('CLIENT_KEY'), None, default_backend())


# monkey patch load_cert_chain to allow loading
# cryptography certs and keys from memory
patch_requests()


response = requests.get(url, cert=(CLIENT_CERT, CLIENT_KEY))
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您现在可以将客户端证书作为pyopenssl对象或cryptography对象提供给内存中的请求。


小智 4

如果想在不使用临时文件的情况下执行此操作,可以通过覆盖请求 SSLContext 来实现。示例可以在这个答案中看到。