UICollectionView,全宽单元格,允许自动布局动态高度？

Question

这是关于当前iOS开发的一个相当基本的问题,我从来没有找到一个好的答案.

---

在(比方说)垂直UICollectionView,

是否可以使用全宽度单元格,但是,允许通过自动布局控制动态高度？

(如果你是iOS"动态高度"的新手,意味着单元格有一些,比方说,文本视图可以是任何长度或图像可以是不同的大小,所以最终每个单元格是一个完全不同的高度.)

如果是这样的话？

这对我来说可能是"iOS中最重要的问题而没有真正好的答案".

Answer 1

使用Swift 4.2和iOS 12,您可以UILabel将其UICollectionViewCell属性子类化并设置为UICollectionViewFlowLayout(这告诉系统您要处理自动调整estimatedItemSizes).然后,您必须覆盖UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize并UICollectionViewCell设置单元格宽度.最后,您必须覆盖您的单元格layoutAttributesForElements(in:)方法并计算其压缩拟合高度.

以下完整代码显示了如何layoutAttributesForItem(at:)在全宽内显示多行preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_:)(受UILabel安全区域和UIcollectionViewCell插入的约束):

CollectionViewController.swift

import UIKit

class CollectionViewController: UICollectionViewController {

    let items = [
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
        ],
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
        ],
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
            "Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.",
        ]
    ]

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        let size = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: NSCollectionLayoutDimension.fractionalWidth(1),
            heightDimension: NSCollectionLayoutDimension.estimated(44)
        )
        let item = NSCollectionLayoutItem(layoutSize: size)
        let group = NSCollectionLayoutGroup.horizontal(layoutSize: size, subitem: item, count: 1)

        let section = NSCollectionLayoutSection(group: group)
        section.contentInsets = NSDirectionalEdgeInsets(top: 10, leading: 10, bottom: 10, trailing: 10)
        section.interGroupSpacing = 10

        let headerFooterSize = NSCollectionLayoutSize(
            widthDimension: .fractionalWidth(1.0),
            heightDimension: .absolute(40)
        )
        let sectionHeader = NSCollectionLayoutBoundarySupplementaryItem(
            layoutSize: headerFooterSize,
            elementKind: "SectionHeaderElementKind",
            alignment: .top
        )
        section.boundarySupplementaryItems = [sectionHeader]

        let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout(section: section)
        collectionView.collectionViewLayout = layout
        collectionView.register(CustomCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "CustomCell")
        collectionView.register(HeaderView.self, forSupplementaryViewOfKind: UICollectionView.elementKindSectionHeader, withReuseIdentifier: "HeaderView")
    }

    override func numberOfSections(in collectionView: UICollectionView) -> Int {
        return items.count
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return items[section].count
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "CustomCell", for: indexPath) as! CustomCell
        cell.label.text = items[indexPath.section][indexPath.row]
        return cell
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, viewForSupplementaryElementOfKind kind: String, at indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionReusableView {
        let headerView = collectionView.dequeueReusableSupplementaryView(ofKind: UICollectionView.elementKindSectionHeader, withReuseIdentifier: "HeaderView", for: indexPath) as! HeaderView
        headerView.label.text = "Header"
        return headerView
    }

    override func viewWillTransition(to size: CGSize, with coordinator: UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator) {
        super.viewWillTransition(to: size, with: coordinator)
        coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: { context in
            self.collectionView.collectionViewLayout.invalidateLayout()
        }, completion: nil)
    }

}

FlowLayout.swift

import UIKit

class HeaderView: UICollectionReusableView {

    let label = UILabel()

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        backgroundColor = .magenta

        addSubview(label)
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        label.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: centerXAnchor).isActive = true
        label.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: centerYAnchor).isActive = true
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

}

Cell.swift

import UIKit

class CustomCell: UICollectionViewCell {

    let label = UILabel()

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)

        label.numberOfLines = 0
        backgroundColor = .orange
        contentView.addSubview(label)

        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        label.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.topAnchor).isActive = true
        label.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
        label.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
        label.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

}

以下是一些替代实现UICollectionView:

import UIKit

class CollectionViewController: UICollectionViewController {

    let items = [
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
        ],
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
        ],
        [
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt.",
            "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.",
            "Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.",
        ]
    ]
    let customFlowLayout = CustomFlowLayout()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        customFlowLayout.sectionInsetReference = .fromContentInset // .fromContentInset is default
        customFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize
        customFlowLayout.minimumInteritemSpacing = 10
        customFlowLayout.minimumLineSpacing = 10
        customFlowLayout.sectionInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 10, left: 10, bottom: 10, right: 10)
        customFlowLayout.headerReferenceSize = CGSize(width: 0, height: 40)

        collectionView.collectionViewLayout = customFlowLayout
        collectionView.contentInsetAdjustmentBehavior = .always
        collectionView.register(CustomCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "CustomCell")
        collectionView.register(HeaderView.self, forSupplementaryViewOfKind: UICollectionView.elementKindSectionHeader, withReuseIdentifier: "HeaderView")
    }

    override func numberOfSections(in collectionView: UICollectionView) -> Int {
        return items.count
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return items[section].count
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "CustomCell", for: indexPath) as! CustomCell
        cell.label.text = items[indexPath.section][indexPath.row]
        return cell
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, viewForSupplementaryElementOfKind kind: String, at indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionReusableView {
        let headerView = collectionView.dequeueReusableSupplementaryView(ofKind: UICollectionView.elementKindSectionHeader, withReuseIdentifier: "HeaderView", for: indexPath) as! HeaderView
        headerView.label.text = "Header"
        return headerView
    }

}

import UIKit

final class CustomFlowLayout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout {

    override func layoutAttributesForElements(in rect: CGRect) -> [UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes]? {
        let layoutAttributesObjects = super.layoutAttributesForElements(in: rect)?.map{ $0.copy() } as? [UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes]
        layoutAttributesObjects?.forEach({ layoutAttributes in
            if layoutAttributes.representedElementCategory == .cell {
                if let newFrame = layoutAttributesForItem(at: layoutAttributes.indexPath)?.frame {
                    layoutAttributes.frame = newFrame
                }
            }
        })
        return layoutAttributesObjects
    }

    override func layoutAttributesForItem(at indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes? {
        guard let collectionView = collectionView else {
            fatalError()
        }
        guard let layoutAttributes = super.layoutAttributesForItem(at: indexPath)?.copy() as? UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes else {
            return nil
        }

        layoutAttributes.frame.origin.x = sectionInset.left
        layoutAttributes.frame.size.width = collectionView.safeAreaLayoutGuide.layoutFrame.width - sectionInset.left - sectionInset.right
        return layoutAttributes
    }

}

预期显示:

Answer 2

问题

您正在寻找自动高度,并且还希望具有完整的宽度,因此无法同时使用UICollectionViewFlowLayoutAutomaticSize.为什么你不采取,UICollectionView而不是UILabel你可以直接返回,CollectionViewCell因为numberOfLines=0它将自动管理.无论如何你想要使用UIlable以下是你的解决方案.

解

步骤I ::计算Cell的预期高度

1:如果你只有CollectionViewCell 在UIImageView超过设定UIImage和计算的预期高度UIImageView ,通过这三个paramters

func heightForLable(text:String, font:UIFont, width:CGFloat) -> CGFloat {
    // pass string, font, LableWidth  
    let label:UILabel = UILabel(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: width, height: CGFloat.greatestFiniteMagnitude))
     label.numberOfLines = 0
     label.lineBreakMode = NSLineBreakMode.byWordWrapping
     label.font = font
     label.text = text
     label.sizeToFit()

     return label.frame.height
}

2 . :如果你AspectRatio只包含CollectionViewCell,如果它应该是高度动态而不是你需要得到的高度UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout (你UICollectionViewFlowLayoutAutomaticSize必须有UICollectionView约束)

// this will give you the height of your Image
let heightInPoints = image.size.height
let heightInPixels = heightInPoints * image.scale

3. 如果它包含两者而不是计算它们的高度并将它们加在一起.

第二步:返回大小UILabel

1.CollectionViewCell在viewController中添加委托

2. 实现委托方法

func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize {

    // This is just for example, for the scenario Step-I -> 1 
    let yourWidthOfLable=self.view.size.width
    let font = UIFont(name: "Helvetica", size: 20.0)

    var expectedHeight = heightForLable(array[indePath.row], font: font, width:yourWidthOfLable)


    return CGSize(width: view.frame.width, height: expectedHeight)
}

我希望这会帮助你.

Answer 3

有几种方法可以解决这个问题.

一种方法是您可以为集合视图流布局提供估计的大小并计算单元格大小.

注意:如下面的评论中所述,从iOS 10开始,您不再需要提供和估计大小来触发对单元格的调用 func preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_ layoutAttributes:).如果要查询prefferedLayoutAttributes单元格,之前(iOS 9)将要求您提供估计的大小.

(假设您使用的是故事板,并且集合视图通过IB连接)

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let layout = collectionView.collectionViewLayout as? UICollectionViewFlowLayout
    layout?.estimatedItemSize = CGSize(width: 375, height: 200) // your average cell size
}

对于通常足够的简单细胞.如果大小仍然不正确,则可以在集合视图单元格中覆盖func preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_ layoutAttributes: UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes,这样可以更精细地控制单元格大小.注意:您仍然需要为流布局提供估计的大小.

然后覆盖func preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_ layoutAttributes: UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes以返回正确的大小.

override func preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_ layoutAttributes: UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes {
    let autoLayoutAttributes = super.preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(layoutAttributes)
    let targetSize = CGSize(width: layoutAttributes.frame.width, height: 0)
    let autoLayoutSize = contentView.systemLayoutSizeFitting(targetSize, withHorizontalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriorityRequired, verticalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriorityDefaultLow)
    let autoLayoutFrame = CGRect(origin: autoLayoutAttributes.frame.origin, size: autoLayoutSize)
    autoLayoutAttributes.frame = autoLayoutFrame
    return autoLayoutAttributes
}

或者,您可以使用大小调整单元来计算单元格的大小 UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout.

func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize {
    let width = collectionView.frame.width
    let size = CGSize(width: width, height: 0)
    // assuming your collection view cell is a nib
    // you may also instantiate a instance of our cell from a storyboard
    let sizingCell = UINib(nibName: "yourNibName", bundle: nil).instantiate(withOwner: nil, options: nil).first as! YourCollectionViewCell
    sizingCell.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
    sizingCell.frame.size = size
    sizingCell.configure(with: object[indexPath.row]) // what ever method configures your cell
    return sizingCell.contentView.systemLayoutSizeFitting(size, withHorizontalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriorityRequired, verticalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriorityDefaultLow)
}

虽然这些不是完美的生产就绪示例,但它们应该让您开始朝着正确的方向前进.我不能说这是最好的做法,但是这对我来说很有用,即使是包含多个标签的相当复杂的单元格,也可能包含或不包含多行.

Answer 4

我找到了一个非常简单的解决方案:在我的CollectionViewCell中,我得到了一个UIView(),它实际上只是一个背景.为了获得全宽,我只需设置以下锚点

bgView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: UIScreen.main.bounds.size.width - 30).isActive = true // 30 is my added up left and right Inset
bgView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor).isActive = true
bgView.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leftAnchor).isActive = true
bgView.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: rightAnchor).isActive = true
bgView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor).isActive = true

"神奇"发生在第一行.我将widthAnchor动态设置为屏幕宽度.同样重要的是减去CollectionView的插图.否则单元格将不会显示.如果您不想拥有这样的背景视图,只需将其隐藏即可.

FlowLayout使用以下设置

layout.itemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayoutAutomaticSize
layout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayoutAutomaticSize

结果是具有动态高度的全宽度单元格.

Answer 5

在职的！！！在 IOS 上测试：12.1 Swift 4.1

我有一个非常简单的解决方案，它可以在不破坏约束的情况下工作。

我的视图控制器类

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var collectionView: UICollectionView!

    let cellId = "CustomCell"

    var source = ["nomu", "when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. ", "t is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by", "Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia,","nomu", "when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. ", "t is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by", "Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia,","nomu", "when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. ", "t is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by", "Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia,"]

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        self.collectionView.delegate = self
        self.collectionView.dataSource = self
        self.collectionView.register(UINib.init(nibName: cellId, bundle: nil), forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellId)

        if let flowLayout = collectionView.collectionViewLayout as? UICollectionViewFlowLayout {
            flowLayout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize
        }

    }

}


extension ViewController: UICollectionViewDelegate, UICollectionViewDataSource {

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return self.source.count
    }

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
        guard let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: cellId, for: indexPath) as? CustomCell else { return UICollectionViewCell() }
        cell.setData(data: source[indexPath.item])
        return cell
    }


}

自定义单元类：

class CustomCell: UICollectionViewCell {

    @IBOutlet weak var label: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var widthConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint!

    override func awakeFromNib() {
        super.awakeFromNib()
        self.widthConstraint.constant = UIScreen.main.bounds.width
    }

    func setData(data: String) {
        self.label.text = data
    }

    override func systemLayoutSizeFitting(_ targetSize: CGSize, withHorizontalFittingPriority horizontalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriority, verticalFittingPriority: UILayoutPriority) -> CGSize {
        return contentView.systemLayoutSizeFitting(CGSize(width: self.bounds.size.width, height: 1))
    }

}

主要成分是Customcell中的systemLayoutSizeFitting函数。而且我们还必须设置带有约束的 Cell 内视图的宽度。

Answer 6

1. 一套estimatedItemSize你的流程布局：

   collectionViewLayout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayoutAutomaticSize
   

2. 在单元格中定义宽度约束并将其设置为等于超级视图的宽度：

   class CollectionViewCell: UICollectionViewCell {
       private var widthConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint?
   
       ...
   
       override init(frame: CGRect) {
           ...
           // Create width constraint to set it later.
           widthConstraint = contentView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0)
       }
   
       override func updateConstraints() {
           // Set width constraint to superview's width.
           widthConstraint?.constant = superview?.bounds.width ?? 0
           widthConstraint?.isActive = true
           super.updateConstraints()
       }
   
       ...
   }
   

完整示例

在 iOS 11 上测试。

Answer 7

您必须将宽度约束添加到CollectionViewCell

class SelfSizingCell: UICollectionViewCell {

  override func awakeFromNib() {
      super.awakeFromNib()
      contentView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
      contentView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: UIScreen.main.bounds.width).isActive = true
  }
}

Answer 8

如果您使用的是iOS 14或更高版本，那么您可以使用UICollectionLayoutListConfigurationAPI，它可以UICollectionView用作单列 tableview，包括水平滑动上下文菜单和自动高度单元格等功能。

var collectionView: UICollectionView! = nil

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()

    let config = UICollectionLayoutListConfiguration(appearance: .plain)
    let layout = UICollectionViewCompositionalLayout.list(using: config)
    collectionView = UICollectionView(frame: view.bounds, collectionViewLayout: layout)
    collectionView.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
    view.addSubview(collectionView)
}

更多关于如何配置单元格和数据源的信息，包括一个示例项目，可以在这篇来自 Apple 的文章中找到：实现现代集合视图，特别是从创建简单列表布局开始的部分。

示例项目包含一个名为ConferenceNewsFeedViewController的控制器，它展示了如何根据自动布局配置自动高度单元格。