如何在matplotlib中注释x轴的范围？

Question

我想做一个注释,就像这里一样,但是我需要在x而不是单点显示范围.它类似于技术图纸中的尺寸线.

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这是我正在寻找的一个例子:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

xx = np.linspace(0,10)
yy = np.sin(xx)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1, figsize=(12,5))
ax.plot(xx,yy)
ax.set_ylim([-2,2])
# -----------------------------------------
# The following block attempts to show what I am looking for
ax.plot([4,6],[1,1],'-k')
ax.plot([4,4],[0.9,1.1],'-k')
ax.plot([6,6],[0.9,1.1],'-k')
ax.annotate('important\npart', xy=(4, 1.5), xytext=(4.5, 1.2) )

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如何在maplotlib图中注释范围？

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我在用:

python:3.4.3 + numpy:1.11.0 + matplotlib:1.5.1

Answer 1

您可以使用两次调用ax.annotate-一个添加文本，一个绘制平端跨越您要注释范围的箭头：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

xx = np.linspace(0,10)
yy = np.sin(xx)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1, figsize=(12,5))
ax.plot(xx,yy)
ax.set_ylim([-2,2])

ax.annotate('', xy=(4, 1), xytext=(6, 1), xycoords='data', textcoords='data',
            arrowprops={'arrowstyle': '|-|'})
ax.annotate('important\npart', xy=(5, 1.5), ha='center', va='center')

Answer 2

使用ali_m的答案，我可以定义此函数，也许它有时对某人有用：)

功能

def annotation_line( ax, xmin, xmax, y, text, ytext=0, linecolor='black', linewidth=1, fontsize=12 ):

    ax.annotate('', xy=(xmin, y), xytext=(xmax, y), xycoords='data', textcoords='data',
            arrowprops={'arrowstyle': '|-|', 'color':linecolor, 'linewidth':linewidth})
    ax.annotate('', xy=(xmin, y), xytext=(xmax, y), xycoords='data', textcoords='data',
            arrowprops={'arrowstyle': '<->', 'color':linecolor, 'linewidth':linewidth})

    xcenter = xmin + (xmax-xmin)/2
    if ytext==0:
        ytext = y + ( ax.get_ylim()[1] - ax.get_ylim()[0] ) / 20

    ax.annotate( text, xy=(xcenter,ytext), ha='center', va='center', fontsize=fontsize)

呼叫

annotation_line( ax=ax, text='Important\npart', xmin=4, xmax=6, \
                    y=1, ytext=1.4, linewidth=2, linecolor='red', fontsize=18 )

输出量