获取类的函数(方法)

Question

我必须动态获取ES6类的属性和功能.这甚至可能吗？

使用for ... in循环,我只能循环遍历类实例的属性:

class Foo {
  constructor() {
    this.bar = "hi";
  }
  someFunc() {
    console.log(this.bar);
  }
}
var foo = new Foo();
for (var idx in foo) {
  console.log(idx);
}

输出:

bar

Answer 1

类的成员不可枚举.为了得到它们,你必须使用Object.getOwnPropertyNames:

var propertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(foo));
// or
var propertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Foo.prototype);

当然这不会得到继承的方法.没有任何方法可以为您提供所有这些方法.您必须遍历原型链并单独获取每个原型的属性.

Answer 2

该功能将获得所有功能.是继承与否,可枚举与否.包括所有功能.

function getAllFuncs(obj) {
    var props = [];

    do {
        props = props.concat(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj));
    } while (obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj));

    return props.sort().filter(function(e, i, arr) { 
       if (e!=arr[i+1] && typeof obj[e] == 'function') return true;
    });
}

做测试

getAllFuncs([1,3]);

控制台输出:

["constructor", "toString", "toLocaleString", "join", "pop", "push", "concat", "reverse", "shift", "unshift", "slice", "splice", "sort", "filter", "forEach", "some", "every", "map", "indexOf", "lastIndexOf", "reduce", "reduceRight", "entries", "keys", "constructor", "toString", "toLocaleString", "valueOf", "hasOwnProperty", "isPrototypeOf", "propertyIsEnumerable", "__defineGetter__", "__lookupGetter__", "__defineSetter__", "__lookupSetter__"]

注意

它不返回通过符号定义的函数;

Answer 3

ES6添加了反射,使代码更清洁.

function getAllMethodNames(obj) {
  let methods = new Set();
  while (obj = Reflect.getPrototypeOf(obj)) {
    let keys = Reflect.ownKeys(obj)
    keys.forEach((k) => methods.add(k));
  }
  return methods;
}


/// a simple class hierarchy to test getAllMethodNames


// kind of like an abstract base class
class Shape {
  constructor() {}
  area() {
    throw new Error("can't define area for generic shape, use a subclass")
  }
}

// Square: a shape with a sideLength property, an area function and getSideLength function
class Square extends Shape {
  constructor(sideLength) {
    super();
    this.sideLength = sideLength;
  }
  area() {
    return this.sideLength * this.sideLength
  };
  getSideLength() {
    return this.sideLength
  };
}

// ColoredSquare: a square with a color
class ColoredSquare extends Square {
  constructor(sideLength, color) {
    super(sideLength);
    this.color = color;
  }
  getColor() {
    return this.color
  }
}


let temp = new ColoredSquare(2, "red");
let methods = getAllMethodNames(temp);
console.log([...methods]);

Answer 4

@MuhammadUmer在我的回答中有一些问题(符号,索引i+1,Object方法列表等等),所以从中获取灵感,我想出了这个

(警告打字稿编译到ES6)

const getAllMethods = (obj) => {
    let props = []

    do {
        const l = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(obj)
            .concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj).map(s => s.toString()))
            .sort()
            .filter((p, i, arr) =>
                typeof obj[p] === 'function' &&  //only the methods
                p !== 'constructor' &&           //not the constructor
                (i == 0 || p !== arr[i - 1]) &&  //not overriding in this prototype
                props.indexOf(p) === -1          //not overridden in a child
            )
        props = props.concat(l)
    }
    while (
        (obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)) &&   //walk-up the prototype chain
        Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)              //not the the Object prototype methods (hasOwnProperty, etc...)
    )

    return props
}

此函数将列出类的实例的所有方法,包括那些继承的方法,但是构造函数和Object原型的那些方法.

测试

该函数返回

[ 'asyncMethod',
  'echo',
  'generatorMethod',
  'ping',
  'pong',
  'anotherEcho' ]

列出TestClass(typescript)实例的方法

class Echo  {
    echo(data: string): string {
        return data
    }
    anotherEcho(data: string): string {
        return `Echo ${data}`
    }
}


class TestClass extends Echo {

    ping(data: string): string {
        if (data === 'ping') {
            return 'pong'
        }
        throw new Error('"ping" was expected !')
    }

    pong(data: string): string {
        if (data === 'pong') {
            return 'ping'
        }
        throw new Error('"pong" was expected !')
    }

    //overridden echo
    echo(data: string): string {
        return 'blah'
    }

    async asyncMethod(): Promise<string> {
        return new Promise<string>((resolve: (value?: string) => void, reject: (reason?: any) => void) => {
            resolve('blah')
        })
    }

    * generatorMethod(): IterableIterator<string> {
        yield 'blah'
    }
}