获取Python可以编码的所有编码列表

Question

我正在编写一个脚本,尝试在Python 2.6中将字节编码为许多不同的编码.有没有办法获得可以迭代的可用编码列表？

我试图这样做的原因是因为用户有一些未正确编码的文本.有趣的人物.我知道unicode角色搞砸了.我希望能够给他们一个答案,例如"你的文本编辑器将该字符串解释为X编码,而不是Y编码".我以为我会尝试使用一种编码对该字符进行编码,然后使用另一种编码再次对其进行解码,看看我们是否得到相同的字符序列.

即是这样的:

for encoding1, encoding2 in itertools.permutation(encodinglist(), 2):
  try:
    unicode_string = my_unicode_character.encode(encoding1).decode(encoding2)
  except:
    pass

Answer 1

这里的其他答案似乎表明以编程方式构建此列表很困难并充满了陷阱.但是,这样做可能是不必要的,因为文档包含Python支持的标准编码的完整列表,并且自Python 2.3以来已经完成.

您可以在以下位置找到这些列表(针对目前发布的语言的每个稳定版本):

• https://docs.python.org/2.3/lib/node130.html
• https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/standard-encodings.html
• https://docs.python.org/2.5/lib/standard-encodings.html
• https://docs.python.org/2.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.0/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings
• https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings

以下是每个记录的Python版本的列表.请注意,如果您想要向后兼容而不仅仅支持特定版本的Python,则可以从最新的 Python版本中复制列表,并在尝试使用之前检查运行程序的Python中是否存在每个编码.

Python 2.3(59编码)

['ascii',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8']

Python 2.4(85种编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8']

Python 2.5(86编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 2.6(90种编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 2.7(93编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.0(89编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.1(90种编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.2(92编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.3(93编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.4(96编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_u',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.5(98编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.6(98编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

Python 3.7(98编码)

['ascii',
 'big5',
 'big5hkscs',
 'cp037',
 'cp273',
 'cp424',
 'cp437',
 'cp500',
 'cp720',
 'cp737',
 'cp775',
 'cp850',
 'cp852',
 'cp855',
 'cp856',
 'cp857',
 'cp858',
 'cp860',
 'cp861',
 'cp862',
 'cp863',
 'cp864',
 'cp865',
 'cp866',
 'cp869',
 'cp874',
 'cp875',
 'cp932',
 'cp949',
 'cp950',
 'cp1006',
 'cp1026',
 'cp1125',
 'cp1140',
 'cp1250',
 'cp1251',
 'cp1252',
 'cp1253',
 'cp1254',
 'cp1255',
 'cp1256',
 'cp1257',
 'cp1258',
 'cp65001',
 'euc_jp',
 'euc_jis_2004',
 'euc_jisx0213',
 'euc_kr',
 'gb2312',
 'gbk',
 'gb18030',
 'hz',
 'iso2022_jp',
 'iso2022_jp_1',
 'iso2022_jp_2',
 'iso2022_jp_2004',
 'iso2022_jp_3',
 'iso2022_jp_ext',
 'iso2022_kr',
 'latin_1',
 'iso8859_2',
 'iso8859_3',
 'iso8859_4',
 'iso8859_5',
 'iso8859_6',
 'iso8859_7',
 'iso8859_8',
 'iso8859_9',
 'iso8859_10',
 'iso8859_11',
 'iso8859_13',
 'iso8859_14',
 'iso8859_15',
 'iso8859_16',
 'johab',
 'koi8_r',
 'koi8_t',
 'koi8_u',
 'kz1048',
 'mac_cyrillic',
 'mac_greek',
 'mac_iceland',
 'mac_latin2',
 'mac_roman',
 'mac_turkish',
 'ptcp154',
 'shift_jis',
 'shift_jis_2004',
 'shift_jisx0213',
 'utf_32',
 'utf_32_be',
 'utf_32_le',
 'utf_16',
 'utf_16_be',
 'utf_16_le',
 'utf_7',
 'utf_8',
 'utf_8_sig']

如果它们与任何人的用例相关,请注意文档还列出了一些特定于Python的编码,其中许多似乎主要供Python内部使用,或者在某种程度上是奇怪的,比如'undefined'总是抛出的编码例如,如果您尝试使用它.你可能想完全忽略这些,如果像这里的提问者一样,你试图弄清楚你在现实世界中遇到的某些文本使用了什么编码.从Python 3.6开始,列表如下:

["idna",
 "mbcs",
 "oem",
 "palmos",
 "punycode",
 "raw_unicode_escape",
 "rot_13",
 "undefined",
 "unicode_escape",
 "unicode_internal",
 "base64_codec",
 "bz2_codec",
 "hex_codec",
 "quopri_codec",
 "uu_codec",
 "zlib_codec"]

Finally, in case you'd like to update my tables above for a newer version of Python, here's the (crude, not very robust) script I used to generate them:

import requests
import lxml.html
import pprint

for version, url in [
    ('2.3', 'https://docs.python.org/2.3/lib/node130.html'),
    ('2.4', 'https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
    ('2.5', 'https://docs.python.org/2.5/lib/standard-encodings.html'),
    ('2.6', 'https://docs.python.org/2.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('2.7', 'https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.0', 'https://docs.python.org/3.0/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.1', 'https://docs.python.org/3.1/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.2', 'https://docs.python.org/3.2/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.3', 'https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.4', 'https://docs.python.org/3.4/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.5', 'https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.6', 'https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
    ('3.7', 'https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings'),
]:
    html = requests.get(url).text
    doc = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
    standard_encodings_table = doc.xpath(
        '//table[preceding::h2[.//text()[contains(., "Standard Encodings")]]][//th/text()="Codec"]'
    )[0]
    codecs = standard_encodings_table.xpath('.//td[1]/text()')
    print("## Python %s (%i encodings)" % (version, len(codecs)))
    print('<pre><code>' + pprint.pformat(codecs) + '</code></pre>')

Answer 2

不幸的encodings.aliases.aliases.keys()是不是一个合适的答案.

aliases(正如人们所期望的那样)包含几种情况,其中不同的键被映射到相同的值,例如1252并且windows_1252都被映射到cp1252.如果不是aliases.keys()你使用,你可以节省时间set(aliases.values()).

但是有一个错误的问题:aliases不包含没有别名的编解码器(如cp856,cp874,cp875,cp737和koi8_u).

>>> from encodings.aliases import aliases
>>> def find(q):
...     return [(k,v) for k, v in aliases.items() if q in k or q in v]
...
>>> find('1252') # multiple aliases
[('1252', 'cp1252'), ('windows_1252', 'cp1252')]
>>> find('856') # no codepage 856 in aliases
[]
>>> find('koi8') # no koi8_u in aliases
[('cskoi8r', 'koi8_r')]
>>> 'x'.decode('cp856') # but cp856 is a valid codec
u'x'
>>> 'x'.decode('koi8_u') # but koi8_u is a valid codec
u'x'
>>>

另外值得一提的是,无论你获得的编解码器的完整列表,它可能是一个好主意,忽略不看好编码/解码字符集的编解码器,但做一些其他的改造如zlib,quopri和base64.

这让我们想到了为什么你想"尝试将字节编码成许多不同的编码"的问题.如果我们知道这一点,我们可能会引导您朝着正确的方向前进.

首先,这是不明确的.一个将字节解码为unicode,一个将unicode编码为字节.你想做什么？

你真正想要实现的是:你是在尝试确定使用哪个编解码器来解码一些传入的字节,并计划用所有可能的编解码器来尝试吗？[注意:latin1将解码任何内容]您是否试图通过尝试使用所有可能的编解码器对其进行编码来确定某些unicode文本的语言？[注意:utf8将编码任何东西].

Answer 3

也许您应该尝试使用通用编码检测器(chardet)库而不是自己实现它.

>>> import chardet
>>> s = '\xe2\x98\x83' # ?
>>> chardet.detect(s)
{'confidence': 0.505, 'encoding': 'utf-8'}

Answer 4

您可以使用一种技术列出encodings包中的所有模块.

import pkgutil
import encodings

false_positives = set(["aliases"])

found = set(name for imp, name, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(encodings.__path__) if not ispkg)
found.difference_update(false_positives)
print found

Answer 5

我怀疑 codecs 模块中是否存在这样的方法/功能，但是如果您看到encoding/__init__.py，搜索功能会通过 encodings modules 文件夹进行搜索，因此您可以执行相同的操作，例如

>>> os.listdir(os.path.dirname(encodings.__file__))
['cp500.pyc', 'utf_16_le.py', 'gb18030.py', 'mbcs.pyc', 'undefined.pyc', 'idna.pyc', 'punycode.pyc', 'cp850.py', 'big5hkscs.pyc', 'mac_arabic.py', '__init__.pyc', 'string_escape.py', 'hz.py', 'cp037.py', 'cp737.py', 'iso8859_5.pyc', 'iso8859_13.pyc', 'cp861.pyc', 'cp862.py', 'iso8859_9.pyc', 'cp949.py', 'base64_codec.pyc', 'koi8_r.py', 'iso8859_2.py', 'ptcp154.pyc', 'uu_codec.pyc', 'mac_croatian.pyc', 'charmap.pyc', 'iso8859_15.pyc', 'euc_jp.py', 'cp1250.py', 'iso8859_10.pyc', 'koi8_r.pyc', 'unicode_escape.pyc', 'cp863.pyc', 'iso8859_4.pyc', 'cp852.py', 'unicode_internal.py', 'big5hkscs.py', 'cp1257.pyc', 'cp1254.py', 'shift_jisx0213.py', 'shift_jis.pyc', 'cp869.pyc', 'hp_roman8.py', 'iso8859_4.py', 'cp775.py', 'cp1251.py', 'mac_cyrillic.pyc', 'mac_greek.pyc', 'mac_roman.pyc', 'iso8859_11.pyc', 'iso8859_6.py', 'utf_8_sig.py', 'iso8859_3.py', 'iso2022_jp_1.py', 'ascii.py', 'cp1026.pyc', 'cp1250.pyc', 'cp950.py', 'raw_unicode_escape.py', 'euc_jis_2004.pyc', 'cp775.pyc', 'euc_kr.py', 'mac
_greek.py', 'big5.pyc', 'shift_jis_2004.pyc', 'gbk.pyc', 'cp1254.pyc', 'cp1255.pyc', 'cp855.pyc', 'string_escape.pyc', 'cp949.pyc', 'cp1258.pyc', 'iso8859_3.pyc', 'mac_iceland.pyc', 'cp1251.pyc', 'cp860.py', 'cp856.py', 'cp874.py', 'iso2022_kr.py', 'cp856.pyc', 'rot_13.py', 'palmos.py', 'iso2022_jp_2.pyc', 'mac_farsi.py', 'koi8_u.pyc', 'cp1256.py', 'iso8859_10.py', 'tis_620.py', 'iso8859_14.pyc', 'cp1253.py', 'cp1258.py', 'cp437.py', 'cp862.pyc', 'mac_turkish.py', 'undefined.py', 'euc_kr.pyc', 'gb18030.pyc', 'aliases.pyc', 'iso8859_9.py', 'uu_codec.py', 'gbk.py', 'quopri_codec.pyc', 'iso8859_7.py', 'mac_iceland.py', 'iso8859_2.pyc', 'euc_jis_2004.py', 'iso2022_jp_3.pyc', 'cp874.pyc', '__init__.py', 'mac_roman.py', 'iso8859_16.py', 'cp866.py', 'unicode_internal.pyc', 'mac_turkish.pyc', 'johab.pyc', 'cp037.pyc', 'punycode.py', 'cp1253.pyc', 'euc_jisx0213.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_2004.pyc', 'iso2022_kr.pyc', 'zlib_codec.pyc', 'cp932.py', 'cp1255.py', 'iso2022_jp_1.pyc', 'cp857.pyc', 'cp424.pyc',
 'iso2022_jp_2.py', 'iso2022_jp.pyc', 'mbcs.py', 'utf_8.py', 'palmos.pyc', 'cp1252.pyc', 'aliases.py', 'quopri_codec.py', 'latin_1.pyc', 'iso2022_jp.py', 'zlib_codec.py', 'cp1026.py', 'cp860.pyc', 'cp1252.py', 'hex_codec.pyc', 'iso8859_1.pyc', 'cp850.pyc', 'cp861.py', 'iso8859_15.py', 'cp865.pyc', 'hp_roman8.pyc', 'iso8859_7.pyc', 'mac_latin2.py', 'iso8859_11.py', 'mac_centeuro.pyc', 'iso8859_6.pyc', 'ascii.pyc', 'mac_centeuro.py', 'iso2022_jp_3.py', 'bz2_codec.py', 'mac_arabic.pyc', 'euc_jisx0213.py', 'tis_620.pyc', 'shift_jis_2004.py', 'utf_8.pyc', 'cp855.py', 'mac_romanian.pyc', 'iso8859_8.py', 'cp869.py', 'ptcp154.py', 'utf_16_be.py', 'iso2022_jp_ext.pyc', 'bz2_codec.pyc', 'base64_codec.py', 'latin_1.py', 'charmap.py', 'hz.pyc', 'cp950.pyc', 'cp875.pyc', 'cp1006.pyc', 'utf_16.py', 'shift_jisx0213.pyc', 'cp424.py', 'cp932.pyc', 'iso8859_5.py', 'mac_romanian.py', 'utf_8_sig.pyc', 'iso8859_1.py', 'cp875.py', 'cp437.pyc', 'cp865.py', 'utf_7.py', 'utf_16_be.pyc', 'rot_13.pyc', 'euc_jp.p
yc', 'raw_unicode_escape.pyc', 'iso8859_8.pyc', 'utf_16.pyc', 'iso8859_14.py', 'iso8859_16.pyc', 'cp852.pyc', 'cp737.pyc', 'mac_croatian.py', 'mac_latin2.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_ext.py', 'cp1140.py', 'mac_cyrillic.py', 'cp1257.py', 'cp500.py', 'cp1140.pyc', 'shift_jis.py', 'unicode_escape.py', 'cp864.py', 'cp864.pyc', 'cp857.py', 'hex_codec.py', 'mac_farsi.pyc', 'idna.py', 'johab.py', 'utf_7.pyc', 'cp863.py', 'iso8859_13.py', 'koi8_u.py', 'gb2312.pyc', 'cp1256.pyc', 'cp866.pyc', 'iso2022_jp_2004.py', 'utf_16_le.pyc', 'gb2312.py', 'cp1006.py', 'big5.py']

但是因为任何人都可以注册编解码器，所以这不会是详尽的列表。

Answer 6

来自Python 3.7.6 Source，在/Tools/unicode/listcodecs.py下：

""" List all available codec modules.

(c) Copyright 2005, Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).

    Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.

"""

import os, codecs, encodings

_debug = 0

def listcodecs(dir):
    names = []
    for filename in os.listdir(dir):
        if filename[-3:] != '.py':
            continue
        name = filename[:-3]
        # Check whether we've found a true codec
        try:
            codecs.lookup(name)
        except LookupError:
            # Codec not found
            continue
        except Exception as reason:
            # Probably an error from importing the codec; still it's
            # a valid code name
            if _debug:
                print('* problem importing codec %r: %s' % \
                      (name, reason))
        names.append(name)
    return names


if __name__ == '__main__':
    names = listcodecs(encodings.__path__[0])
    names.sort()
    print('all_codecs = [')
    for name in names:
        print('    %r,' % name)
    print(']')

然后：

if str(response.encoding) is "undefined" or \
        str(response.encoding) not in names:
    do_something()  # like set default to utf_8 and execute
    pass