如何使用linq扩展方法执行左外连接

Question

假设我有一个左外连接:

from f in Foo
join b in Bar on f.Foo_Id equals b.Foo_Id into g
from result in g.DefaultIfEmpty()
select new { Foo = f, Bar = result }

如何使用扩展方法表达相同的任务？例如

Foo.GroupJoin(Bar, f => f.Foo_Id, b => b.Foo_Id, (f,b) => ???)
    .Select(???)

Answer 1

var qry = Foo.GroupJoin(
          Bar, 
          foo => foo.Foo_Id,
          bar => bar.Foo_Id,
          (x,y) => new { Foo = x, Bars = y })
    .SelectMany(
          x => x.Bars.DefaultIfEmpty(),
          (x,y) => new { Foo=x.Foo, Bar=y});

Answer 2

因为这似乎是使用方法(扩展)语法的左外连接的事实上的SO问题,我想我会添加一个替代当前选择的答案(至少在我的经验中)更常见的是我是什么后

// Option 1: Expecting either 0 or 1 matches from the "Right"
// table (Bars in this case):
var qry = Foos.GroupJoin(
          Bars,
          foo => foo.Foo_Id,
          bar => bar.Foo_Id,
          (f,bs) => new { Foo = f, Bar = bs.SingleOrDefault() });

// Option 2: Expecting either 0 or more matches from the "Right" table
// (courtesy of currently selected answer):
var qry = Foos.GroupJoin(
                  Bars, 
                  foo => foo.Foo_Id,
                  bar => bar.Foo_Id,
                  (f,bs) => new { Foo = f, Bars = bs })
              .SelectMany(
                  fooBars => fooBars.Bars.DefaultIfEmpty(),
                  (x,y) => new { Foo = x.Foo, Bar = y });

使用简单的数据集显示差异(假设我们自己加入了值):

List<int> tableA = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
List<int?> tableB = new List<int?> { 3, 4, 5 };

// Result using both Option 1 and 2. Option 1 would be a better choice
// if we didn't expect multiple matches in tableB.
{ A = 1, B = null }
{ A = 2, B = null }
{ A = 3, B = 3    }

List<int> tableA = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
List<int?> tableB = new List<int?> { 3, 3, 4 };

// Result using Option 1 would be that an exception gets thrown on
// SingleOrDefault(), but if we use FirstOrDefault() instead to illustrate:
{ A = 1, B = null }
{ A = 2, B = null }
{ A = 3, B = 3    } // Misleading, we had multiple matches.
                    // Which 3 should get selected (not arbitrarily the first)?.

// Result using Option 2:
{ A = 1, B = null }
{ A = 2, B = null }
{ A = 3, B = 3    }
{ A = 3, B = 3    }    

选项2适用于典型的左外连接定义,但正如我前面提到的,根据数据集的不同,通常会不必要地复杂.

Answer 3

组连接方法不需要实现两个数据集的连接.

内部联接:

var qry = Foos.SelectMany
            (
                foo => Bars.Where (bar => foo.Foo_id == bar.Foo_id),
                (foo, bar) => new
                    {
                    Foo = foo,
                    Bar = bar
                    }
            );

对于Left Join,只需添加DefaultIfEmpty()

var qry = Foos.SelectMany
            (
                foo => Bars.Where (bar => foo.Foo_id == bar.Foo_id).DefaultIfEmpty(),
                (foo, bar) => new
                    {
                    Foo = foo,
                    Bar = bar
                    }
            );

EF正确转换为SQL.对于LINQ to对象,使用GroupJoin加入它是更好的,因为它在内部使用Lookup,但是如果你正在查询DB,那么跳过GroupJoin就是AFAIK的性能.

与GroupJoin()相比,这种方式的Personlay更具可读性.SelectMany()

Answer 4

您可以创建扩展方法,如:

public static IEnumerable<TResult> LeftOuterJoin<TSource, TInner, TKey, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, IEnumerable<TInner> other, Func<TSource, TKey> func, Func<TInner, TKey> innerkey, Func<TSource, TInner, TResult> res)
    {
        return from f in source
               join b in other on func.Invoke(f) equals innerkey.Invoke(b) into g
               from result in g.DefaultIfEmpty()
               select res.Invoke(f, result);
    }

Answer 5

改进 Ocelot20 的答案，如果你有一个表，你离开了外部连接，你只想要 0 或 1 行，但它可能有多个，你需要订购你的连接表：

var qry = Foos.GroupJoin(
      Bars.OrderByDescending(b => b.Id),
      foo => foo.Foo_Id,
      bar => bar.Foo_Id,
      (f, bs) => new { Foo = f, Bar = bs.FirstOrDefault() });

否则，您在连接中获得的哪一行将是随机的（或者更具体地说，无论 db 碰巧先找到哪一行）。