如何在Linux中更改echo的输出颜色

Question

我正在尝试使用echo命令在终端中打印文本.

我想以红色打印文本.我怎样才能做到这一点？

Answer 1

您可以使用这些ANSI转义码:

Black        0;30     Dark Gray     1;30
Red          0;31     Light Red     1;31
Green        0;32     Light Green   1;32
Brown/Orange 0;33     Yellow        1;33
Blue         0;34     Light Blue    1;34
Purple       0;35     Light Purple  1;35
Cyan         0;36     Light Cyan    1;36
Light Gray   0;37     White         1;37

然后在脚本中使用它们:

#    .---------- constant part!
#    vvvv vvvv-- the code from above
RED='\033[0;31m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
printf "I ${RED}love${NC} Stack Overflow\n"

love以红色打印.

从@james-lim的评论中,如果您使用该echo命令,请务必使用-e标志来允许反斜杠转义.

# Continued from above example
echo -e "I ${RED}love${NC} Stack Overflow"

("\n"除非你想添加额外的空行,否则不要在使用echo时添加)

Answer 2

您可以使用awesome tput命令(在Ignacio的答案中建议)为各种事物生成终端控制代码.

用法

tput稍后将讨论特定的子命令.

直接

tput作为一系列命令的一部分调用:

tput setaf 1; echo "this is red text"

如果文本仍然显示错误,请使用;而不是.&&tput

Shell变量

另一种选择是使用shell变量:

red=`tput setaf 1`
green=`tput setaf 2`
reset=`tput sgr0`
echo "${red}red text ${green}green text${reset}"

tput产生由终端解释为具有特殊含义的字符序列.他们不会自己出现.请注意,它们仍然可以保存到文件中或由终端以外的程序作为输入处理.

命令替换

使用命令替换将tput输出直接插入echo字符串可能更方便:

echo "$(tput setaf 1)Red text $(tput setab 7)and white background$(tput sgr 0)"

例

上面的命令在Ubuntu上生成:

前景色和背景色命令

tput setab [1-7] # Set the background colour using ANSI escape
tput setaf [1-7] # Set the foreground colour using ANSI escape

颜色如下:

Num  Colour    #define         R G B

0    black     COLOR_BLACK     0,0,0
1    red       COLOR_RED       1,0,0
2    green     COLOR_GREEN     0,1,0
3    yellow    COLOR_YELLOW    1,1,0
4    blue      COLOR_BLUE      0,0,1
5    magenta   COLOR_MAGENTA   1,0,1
6    cyan      COLOR_CYAN      0,1,1
7    white     COLOR_WHITE     1,1,1

还有非ANSI版本的颜色设置功能(setb代替setab,而setf不是setaf)使用不同的数字,这里没有给出.

文本模式命令

tput bold    # Select bold mode
tput dim     # Select dim (half-bright) mode
tput smul    # Enable underline mode
tput rmul    # Disable underline mode
tput rev     # Turn on reverse video mode
tput smso    # Enter standout (bold) mode
tput rmso    # Exit standout mode

光标移动命令

tput cup Y X # Move cursor to screen postion X,Y (top left is 0,0)
tput cuf N   # Move N characters forward (right)
tput cub N   # Move N characters back (left)
tput cuu N   # Move N lines up
tput ll      # Move to last line, first column (if no cup)
tput sc      # Save the cursor position
tput rc      # Restore the cursor position
tput lines   # Output the number of lines of the terminal
tput cols    # Output the number of columns of the terminal

清除并插入命令

tput ech N   # Erase N characters
tput clear   # Clear screen and move the cursor to 0,0
tput el 1    # Clear to beginning of line
tput el      # Clear to end of line
tput ed      # Clear to end of screen
tput ich N   # Insert N characters (moves rest of line forward!)
tput il N    # Insert N lines

其他命令

tput sgr0    # Reset text format to the terminal's default
tput bel     # Play a bell

使用compiz摇摆不定的窗口,该bel命令使终端摆动一秒钟以引起用户的注意.

脚本

tput接受每行包含一个命令的脚本,这些脚本在tput退出之前按顺序执行.

通过回显多行字符串并管道来避免临时文件:

echo -e "setf 7\nsetb 1" | tput -S  # set fg white and bg red

也可以看看

• 看到 man 1 tput
• 有关man 5 terminfo这些选项的详细命令列表和详细信息,请参阅参考资料.(相应的tput命令列在Cap-name从第81行开始的巨大表的列中.)

Answer 3

您可以使用的一些变量:

# Reset
Color_Off='\033[0m'       # Text Reset

# Regular Colors
Black='\033[0;30m'        # Black
Red='\033[0;31m'          # Red
Green='\033[0;32m'        # Green
Yellow='\033[0;33m'       # Yellow
Blue='\033[0;34m'         # Blue
Purple='\033[0;35m'       # Purple
Cyan='\033[0;36m'         # Cyan
White='\033[0;37m'        # White

# Bold
BBlack='\033[1;30m'       # Black
BRed='\033[1;31m'         # Red
BGreen='\033[1;32m'       # Green
BYellow='\033[1;33m'      # Yellow
BBlue='\033[1;34m'        # Blue
BPurple='\033[1;35m'      # Purple
BCyan='\033[1;36m'        # Cyan
BWhite='\033[1;37m'       # White

# Underline
UBlack='\033[4;30m'       # Black
URed='\033[4;31m'         # Red
UGreen='\033[4;32m'       # Green
UYellow='\033[4;33m'      # Yellow
UBlue='\033[4;34m'        # Blue
UPurple='\033[4;35m'      # Purple
UCyan='\033[4;36m'        # Cyan
UWhite='\033[4;37m'       # White

# Background
On_Black='\033[40m'       # Black
On_Red='\033[41m'         # Red
On_Green='\033[42m'       # Green
On_Yellow='\033[43m'      # Yellow
On_Blue='\033[44m'        # Blue
On_Purple='\033[45m'      # Purple
On_Cyan='\033[46m'        # Cyan
On_White='\033[47m'       # White

# High Intensity
IBlack='\033[0;90m'       # Black
IRed='\033[0;91m'         # Red
IGreen='\033[0;92m'       # Green
IYellow='\033[0;93m'      # Yellow
IBlue='\033[0;94m'        # Blue
IPurple='\033[0;95m'      # Purple
ICyan='\033[0;96m'        # Cyan
IWhite='\033[0;97m'       # White

# Bold High Intensity
BIBlack='\033[1;90m'      # Black
BIRed='\033[1;91m'        # Red
BIGreen='\033[1;92m'      # Green
BIYellow='\033[1;93m'     # Yellow
BIBlue='\033[1;94m'       # Blue
BIPurple='\033[1;95m'     # Purple
BICyan='\033[1;96m'       # Cyan
BIWhite='\033[1;97m'      # White

# High Intensity backgrounds
On_IBlack='\033[0;100m'   # Black
On_IRed='\033[0;101m'     # Red
On_IGreen='\033[0;102m'   # Green
On_IYellow='\033[0;103m'  # Yellow
On_IBlue='\033[0;104m'    # Blue
On_IPurple='\033[0;105m'  # Purple
On_ICyan='\033[0;106m'    # Cyan
On_IWhite='\033[0;107m'   # White

bash,hex和octal中的转义字符:

|       | bash  | hex    | octal   | NOTE                         |
|-------+-------+--------+---------+------------------------------|
| start | \e    | \x1b   | \033    |                              |
| start | \E    | \x1B   | -       | x cannot be capital          |
| end   | \e[0m | \x1m0m | \033[0m |                              |
| end   | \e[m  | \x1b[m | \033[m  | 0 is appended if you omit it |
|       |       |        |         |                              |

简短的例子:

| color       | bash         | hex            | octal          | NOTE                                  |
|-------------+--------------+----------------+----------------+---------------------------------------|
| start green | \e[32m<text> | \x1b[32m<text> | \033[32m<text> | m is NOT optional                     |
| reset       | <text>\e[0m  | <text>\1xb[0m  | <text>\033[om  | o is optional (do it as best practice |
|             |              |                |                |                                       |

bash异常:

如果您要在特殊的bash变量中使用这些代码

• PS0
• PS1
• PS2(=这是用于提示)
• PS4

你应该添加额外的转义字符,以便bash可以正确解释它们.如果没有添加额外的转义字符,它会起作用,但是当您Ctrl + r在历史记录中使用搜索时,您将遇到问题.

bash的例外规则

您应该\[在任何启动ANSI代码之前添加\],并在任何结束之后添加.
示例:
常规使用: \033[32mThis is in green\033[0m
PS0/1/2/4: \[\033[32m\]This is in green\[\033[m\]

\[用于一系列不可打印字符的开始
\]是用于一系列不可打印字符的结束

提示:要记住它,您可以先添加\[\]然后将ANSI代码放在它们之间:
- \[start-ANSI-code\]
-\[end-ANSI-code\]

颜色序列的类型:

1. 3/4位
2. 8位
3. 24位

在深入了解这些颜色之前,您应该了解这些代码的4种模式:

色彩模式

它修改了颜色的样式而不是文本.例如,使颜色变亮或变暗.

• 0 重启
• 1; 比平时轻
• 2; 比平时更暗

此模式不受广泛支持.它完全支持Gnome-Terminal.

2.文本模式

此模式用于修改文本样式而不是颜色.

• 3; 斜体
• 4; 强调
• 5; 眨眼(慢)
• 6; 闪烁(快)
• 7; 相反
• 8; 隐藏
• 9; 划掉

and are almost supported.
For example KDE-Konsole supports 5; but Gnome-Terminal does not and Gnome supports 8; but KDE does not.

3. foreground mode

This mode is for colorizing the foreground.

4. background mode

This mode is for colorizing the background.

The below table shows a summary of 3/4 bit version of ANSI-color

|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
| color-mode | octal    | hex     | bash  | description      | example (= in octal)         | NOTE                                 |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|          0 | \033[0m  | \x1b[0m | \e[0m | reset any affect | echo -e "\033[0m"            | 0m equals to m                       |
|          1 | \033[1m  |         |       | light (= bright) | echo -e "\033[1m####\033[m"  | -                                    |
|          2 | \033[2m  |         |       | dark (= fade)    | echo -e "\033[2m####\033[m"  | -                                    |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|  text-mode | ~        |         |       | ~                | ~                            | ~                                    |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|          3 | \033[3m  |         |       | italic           | echo -e "\033[3m####\033[m"  |                                      |
|          4 | \033[4m  |         |       | underline        | echo -e "\033[4m####\033[m"  |                                      |
|          5 | \033[5m  |         |       | blink (slow)     | echo -e "\033[3m####\033[m"  |                                      |
|          6 | \033[6m  |         |       | blink (fast)     | ?                            | not wildly support                   |
|          7 | \003[7m  |         |       | reverse          | echo -e "\033[7m####\033[m"  | it affects the background/foreground |
|          8 | \033[8m  |         |       | hide             | echo -e "\033[8m####\033[m"  | it affects the background/foreground |
|          9 | \033[9m  |         |       | cross            | echo -e "\033[9m####\033[m"  |                                      |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
| foreground | ~        |         |       | ~                | ~                            | ~                                    |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|         30 | \033[30m |         |       | black            | echo -e "\033[30m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         31 | \033[31m |         |       | red              | echo -e "\033[31m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         32 | \033[32m |         |       | green            | echo -e "\033[32m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         33 | \033[32m |         |       | yellow           | echo -e "\033[33m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         34 | \033[32m |         |       | blue             | echo -e "\033[34m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         35 | \033[32m |         |       | purple           | echo -e "\033[35m####\033[m" | real name: magenta = reddish-purple  |
|         36 | \033[32m |         |       | cyan             | echo -e "\033[36m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         37 | \033[32m |         |       | white            | echo -e "\033[37m####\033[m" |                                      |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|         38 | 8/24     |                    This is for special use of 8-bit or 24-bit                                            |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
| background | ~        |         |       | ~                | ~                            | ~                                    |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|         40 | \033[40m |         |       | black            | echo -e "\033[40m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         41 | \033[41m |         |       | red              | echo -e "\033[41m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         42 | \033[42m |         |       | green            | echo -e "\033[42m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         43 | \033[43m |         |       | yellow           | echo -e "\033[43m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         44 | \033[44m |         |       | blue             | echo -e "\033[44m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         45 | \033[45m |         |       | purple           | echo -e "\033[45m####\033[m" | real name: magenta = reddish-purple  |
|         46 | \033[46m |         |       | cyan             | echo -e "\033[46m####\033[m" |                                      |
|         47 | \033[47m |         |       | white            | echo -e "\033[47m####\033[m" |                                      |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|
|         48 | 8/24     |                    This is for special use of 8-bit or 24-bit                                            |                                                                                       |
|------------+----------+---------+-------+------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------|

The below table shows a summary of 8 bit version of ANSI-color

|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| foreground | octal     | hex       | bash    | description      | example                            | NOTE                    |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------|
|        0-7 | \033[38;5 | \x1b[38;5 | \e[38;5 | standard. normal | echo -e '\033[38;5;1m####\033[m'   |                         |
|       8-15 |           |           |         | standard. light  | echo -e '\033[38;5;9m####\033[m'   |                         |
|     16-231 |           |           |         | more resolution  | echo -e '\033[38;5;45m####\033[m'  | has no specific pattern |
|    232-255 |           |           |         |                  | echo -e '\033[38;5;242m####\033[m' | from black to white     |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------|
| foreground | octal     | hex       | bash    | description      | example                            | NOTE                    |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------|
|        0-7 |           |           |         | standard. normal | echo -e '\033[48;5;1m####\033[m'   |                         |
|       8-15 |           |           |         | standard. light  | echo -e '\033[48;5;9m####\033[m'   |                         |
|     16-231 |           |           |         | more resolution  | echo -e '\033[48;5;45m####\033[m'  |                         |
|    232-255 |           |           |         |                  | echo -e '\033[48;5;242m####\033[m' | from black to white     |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------|

The 8-bit fast test:
for code in {0..255}; do echo -e "\e[38;05;${code}m $code: Test"; done

The below table shows a summary of 24 bit version of ANSI-color

|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+-----------------|
| foreground | octal     | hex       | bash    | description | example                                  | NOTE            |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+-----------------|
|      0-255 | \033[38;2 | \x1b[38;2 | \e[38;2 | R = red     | echo -e '\033[38;2;255;0;02m####\033[m'  | R=255, G=0, B=0 |
|      0-255 | \033[38;2 | \x1b[38;2 | \e[38;2 | G = green   | echo -e '\033[38;2;;0;255;02m####\033[m' | R=0, G=255, B=0 |
|      0-255 | \033[38;2 | \x1b[38;2 | \e[38;2 | B = blue    | echo -e '\033[38;2;0;0;2552m####\033[m'  | R=0, G=0, B=255 |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+-----------------|
| background | octal     | hex       | bash    | description | example                                  | NOTE            |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+-----------------|
|      0-255 | \033[48;2 | \x1b[48;2 | \e[48;2 | R = red     | echo -e '\033[48;2;255;0;02m####\033[m'  | R=255, G=0, B=0 |
|      0-255 | \033[48;2 | \x1b[48;2 | \e[48;2 | G = green   | echo -e '\033[48;2;;0;255;02m####\033[m' | R=0, G=255, B=0 |
|      0-255 | \033[48;2 | \x1b[48;2 | \e[48;2 | B = blue    | echo -e '\033[48;2;0;0;2552m####\033[m'  | R=0, G=0, B=255 |
|------------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------+-----------------|

some screen-shots

foreground 8-bit summary in a .gif

background 8-bit summary in a .gif

color summary with their values

blinking on KDE-Terminal

a simple C code that shows you more

a more advanced tool that I developed to deal with these colors:

color-mode shot

text mode shot

combining is OK

more shots

Tips and Tricks for Advanced Users and Programmers:

Can we use these codes in a programming language?

Yes, you can. I experienced in bash, c, c++, d perl, python

Are they slow down the speed of a program?

I think, NO.

Can we use these on Windows?

3/4-bit Yes, if you compile the code with gcc
some screen-shots on Win-7

How to calculate the length of code?

\033[ = 2, other parts 1

Where can we use these codes?

Anywhere that has a tty interpreter
xterm, gnome-terminal, kde-terminal, mysql-client-CLI and so on.
For example if you want to colorize your output with mysql you can use Perl

#!/usr/bin/perl -n
print "\033[1m\033[31m$1\033[36m$2\033[32m$3\033[33m$4\033[m" while /([|+-]+)|([0-9]+)|([a-zA-Z_]+)|([^\w])/g;

store this code in a file name: pcc (= Perl Colorize Character) and then put the file a in valid PATH then use it anywhere you like.

ls | pcc
df | pcc

inside mysql first register it for pager and then try:

[user2:db2] pager pcc
PAGER set to 'pcc'
[user2:db2] select * from table-name;

It does NOT handle Unicode.

Do these codes only do colorizing?

No, they can do a lot of interesting things. Try:

echo -e '\033[2K'  # clear the screen and do not move the position

or:

echo -e '\033[2J\033[u' # clear the screen and reset the position

There are a lot of beginners that want to clear the screen with system( "clear" ) so you can use this instead of system(3) call

Are they available in Unicode?

Yes. \u001b

Which version of these colors is preferable?

It is easy to use 3/4-bit, but it is much accurate and beautiful to use 24-bit.
If you do not have experience with html so here is a quick tutorial:
24 bits means: 00000000 and 00000000 and 00000000. Each 8-bit is for a specific color.
1..8 is for and 9..16 for and 17..24 for
So in html #FF0000 means and here it is: 255;0;0
in html #00FF00 means which here is: 0;255;0
Does that make sense? what color you want combine it with these three 8-bit values.

参考:
维基百科
ANSI转义序列
tldp.org
tldp.org
misc.flogisoft.com
一些我不记得的博客/网页

徽章:

Answer 4

使用tput与setaf能力的参数1.

echo "$(tput setaf 1)Hello, world$(tput sgr0)"

Answer 5

echo -e "\033[31m Hello World"

该[31m控件的文本颜色:

• 30- 37设置前景色的颜色
• 40- 47设置背景颜色

可以在此处找到更完整的颜色代码列表.

最好将文本颜色重置回\033[0m字符串的末尾.

Answer 6

我对托比亚斯的回答的即兴演奏：

# Color
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

function red {
    printf "${RED}$@${NC}\n"
}

function green {
    printf "${GREEN}$@${NC}\n"
}

function yellow {
    printf "${YELLOW}$@${NC}\n"
}

Answer 7

其他答案已经对如何做到这一点给出了很好的解释。我仍然缺少的是对颜色代码的精心安排的概述。维基百科文章“ANSI escape code”对此非常有帮助。然而，由于颜色通常可以配置并且在每个终端中看起来不同，所以我更喜欢有一个可以在终端中调用的函数。为此，我创建了以下函数来显示颜色表并提醒我如何设置它们（其排列方式受到维基文章的启发）。例如，您可以将它们加载到 .bashrc/.zshrc 中或将它们作为脚本放在某处。

\n

256色

\n

\n

\n

由这个 bash/zsh 脚本生成：

\n

function showcolors256() {\n    local row col blockrow blockcol red green blue\n    local showcolor=_showcolor256_${1:-bg}\n    local white="\\033[1;37m"\n    local reset="\\033[0m"\n\n    echo -e "Set foreground color: \\\\\\\\033[38;5;${white}NNN${reset}m"\n    echo -e "Set background color: \\\\\\\\033[48;5;${white}NNN${reset}m"\n    echo -e "Reset color & style:  \\\\\\\\033[0m"\n    echo\n\n    echo 16 standard color codes:\n    for row in {0..1}; do\n        for col in {0..7}; do\n            $showcolor $(( row*8 + col )) $row\n        done\n        echo\n    done\n    echo\n\n    echo 6\xc2\xb76\xc2\xb76 RGB color codes:\n    for blockrow in {0..2}; do\n        for red in {0..5}; do\n            for blockcol in {0..1}; do\n                green=$(( blockrow*2 + blockcol ))\n                for blue in {0..5}; do\n                    $showcolor $(( red*36 + green*6 + blue + 16 )) $green\n                done\n                echo -n "  "\n            done\n            echo\n        done\n        echo\n    done\n\n    echo 24 grayscale color codes:\n    for row in {0..1}; do\n        for col in {0..11}; do\n            $showcolor $(( row*12 + col + 232 )) $row\n        done\n        echo\n    done\n    echo\n}\n\nfunction _showcolor256_fg() {\n    local code=$( printf %03d $1 )\n    echo -ne "\\033[38;5;${code}m"\n    echo -nE " $code "\n    echo -ne "\\033[0m"\n}\n\nfunction _showcolor256_bg() {\n    if (( $2 % 2 == 0 )); then\n        echo -ne "\\033[1;37m"\n    else\n        echo -ne "\\033[0;30m"\n    fi\n    local code=$( printf %03d $1 )\n    echo -ne "\\033[48;5;${code}m"\n    echo -nE " $code "\n    echo -ne "\\033[0m"\n}\n

\n

16种颜色

\n

\n

由这个 bash/zsh 脚本生成：

\n

function showcolors16() {\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;30m" "\\033[1;30m" "\\033[40m" "\\033[100m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;31m" "\\033[1;31m" "\\033[41m" "\\033[101m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;32m" "\\033[1;32m" "\\033[42m" "\\033[102m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;33m" "\\033[1;33m" "\\033[43m" "\\033[103m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;34m" "\\033[1;34m" "\\033[44m" "\\033[104m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;35m" "\\033[1;35m" "\\033[45m" "\\033[105m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;36m" "\\033[1;36m" "\\033[46m" "\\033[106m"\n    _showcolor "\\033[0;37m" "\\033[1;37m" "\\033[47m" "\\033[107m"\n}\n\nfunction _showcolor() {\n    for code in $@; do\n        echo -ne "$code"\n        echo -nE "   $code"\n        echo -ne "   \\033[0m  "\n    done\n    echo\n}\n

\n

Answer 8

这是颜色开关 \033[.看历史.

颜色代码如1;32(浅绿色),0;34(蓝色),1;34(浅蓝色)等.

我们用颜色切换终止颜色顺序\033[和0m中,没有 -color代码.就像用标记语言打开和关闭标签一样.

  SWITCH="\033["
  NORMAL="${SWITCH}0m"
  YELLOW="${SWITCH}1;33m"
  echo "${YELLOW}hello, yellow${NORMAL}"

简单的色彩echo功能解决方

cecho() {
  local code="\033["
  case "$1" in
    black  | bk) color="${code}0;30m";;
    red    |  r) color="${code}1;31m";;
    green  |  g) color="${code}1;32m";;
    yellow |  y) color="${code}1;33m";;
    blue   |  b) color="${code}1;34m";;
    purple |  p) color="${code}1;35m";;
    cyan   |  c) color="${code}1;36m";;
    gray   | gr) color="${code}0;37m";;
    *) local text="$1"
  esac
  [ -z "$text" ] && local text="$color$2${code}0m"
  echo "$text"
}

cecho "Normal"
cecho y "Yellow!"

Answer 9

我刚刚合并了所有解决方案中的好方法，最后得出：

cecho(){
    RED="\033[0;31m"
    GREEN="\033[0;32m"
    YELLOW="\033[1;33m"
    # ... ADD MORE COLORS
    NC="\033[0m" # No Color

    printf "${!1}${2} ${NC}\n"
}

您可以将其称为：

cecho "RED" "Helloworld"

Answer 10

一种改变颜色的简洁方法echo是定义这样的功能:

function coloredEcho(){
    local exp=$1;
    local color=$2;
    if ! [[ $color =~ '^[0-9]$' ]] ; then
       case $(echo $color | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') in
        black) color=0 ;;
        red) color=1 ;;
        green) color=2 ;;
        yellow) color=3 ;;
        blue) color=4 ;;
        magenta) color=5 ;;
        cyan) color=6 ;;
        white|*) color=7 ;; # white or invalid color
       esac
    fi
    tput setaf $color;
    echo $exp;
    tput sgr0;
}

用法:

coloredEcho "This text is green" green

或者您可以直接使用Drew的答案中提到的颜色代码:

coloredEcho "This text is green" 2

Answer 11

我在查找有关该主题的信息时发现了Shakiba Moshiri的精彩答案……然后我有了一个想法……它最终得到了一个非常好用的功能
所以我必须分享它

https://github.com/ppo/bash-colors

用法： $(c <flags>)在一个echo -e或printf

 ??????????????????????????????????????   ??????????????????????????????????????
 ? Code  ? Style           ? Octal    ?   ? Code  ? Style           ? Octal    ?
 ??????????????????????????????????????   ??????????????????????????????????????
 ?   -   ? Foreground      ? \033[3.. ?   ?   B   ? Bold            ? \033[1m  ?
 ?   _   ? Background      ? \033[4.. ?   ?   U   ? Underline       ? \033[4m  ?
 ??????????????????????????????????????   ?   F   ? Flash/blink     ? \033[5m  ?
 ?   k   ? Black           ? ......0m ?   ?   N   ? Negative        ? \033[7m  ?
 ?   r   ? Red             ? ......1m ?   ??????????????????????????????????????
 ?   g   ? Green           ? ......2m ?   ?   L   ? Normal (unbold) ? \033[22m ?
 ?   y   ? Yellow          ? ......3m ?   ?   0   ? Reset           ? \033[0m  ?
 ?   b   ? Blue            ? ......4m ?   ??????????????????????????????????????
 ?   m   ? Magenta         ? ......5m ?
 ?   c   ? Cyan            ? ......6m ?
 ?   w   ? White           ? ......7m ?
 ??????????????????????????????????????

例子：

echo -e "$(c 0wB)Bold white$(c) and normal"
echo -e "Normal text… $(c r_yB)BOLD red text on yellow background… $(c _w)now on
  white background… $(c 0U) reset and underline… $(c) and back to normal."

Answer 12

使用tput计算颜色代码.避免使用ANSI转义码(例如\E[31;1m红色),因为它的可移植性较差.例如,OS X上的Bash不支持它.

BLACK=`tput setaf 0`
RED=`tput setaf 1`
GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
YELLOW=`tput setaf 3`
BLUE=`tput setaf 4`
MAGENTA=`tput setaf 5`
CYAN=`tput setaf 6`
WHITE=`tput setaf 7`

BOLD=`tput bold`
RESET=`tput sgr0`

echo -e "hello ${RED}some red text${RESET} world"

Answer 13

Emoji

one thing you can do that is not mentioned in the answer is to use emojis to color your output!

echo : error message
echo : warning message
echo : ok status message
echo : action message
echo : Or anything you like and want to recognize immediately by color
echo : Or with a specific emoji

Bonus Added Value

This method is very useful especially when your source editor for the script supports displaying Unicode. Then you can also see the colorful script even before running it and directly in the source! :

_{Image of a script file inside the VSCode}

Note: You may need to pass the Unicode of the emoji directly:

echo $'\U0001f972'  // this emoji: 

_{Note the capital U for Unicode characters >= 10000}

Also, It's very rare but you may need to pass the code like this:

echo <0001f972>

Thanks to @joanis from comments for mentioning this

Answer 14

这个问题一遍又一遍地回答:-)但为什么不呢.

首先使用tput在现代环境中比手动注入ASCII代码更容易携带echo -E

这是一个快速bash功能:

 say() {
     echo "$@" | sed \
             -e "s/\(\(@\(red\|green\|yellow\|blue\|magenta\|cyan\|white\|reset\|b\|u\)\)\+\)[[]\{2\}\(.*\)[]]\{2\}/\1\4@reset/g" \
             -e "s/@red/$(tput setaf 1)/g" \
             -e "s/@green/$(tput setaf 2)/g" \
             -e "s/@yellow/$(tput setaf 3)/g" \
             -e "s/@blue/$(tput setaf 4)/g" \
             -e "s/@magenta/$(tput setaf 5)/g" \
             -e "s/@cyan/$(tput setaf 6)/g" \
             -e "s/@white/$(tput setaf 7)/g" \
             -e "s/@reset/$(tput sgr0)/g" \
             -e "s/@b/$(tput bold)/g" \
             -e "s/@u/$(tput sgr 0 1)/g"
  }

现在你可以使用:

 say @b@green[[Success]] 

要得到:

关于可移植性的说明 tput

第一次tput(1)源代码于1986年9月上传

tput(1) 已经在20世纪90年代的X/Open curses语义中可用(1997年标准具有下面提到的语义).

所以,它(非常)无所不在.

Answer 15

I 而不是硬编码特定于您当前终端的转义码，您应该使用tput.

这是我最喜欢的演示脚本：

#!/bin/bash

tput init

end=$(( $(tput colors)-1 ))
w=8
for c in $(seq 0 $end); do
    eval "$(printf "tput setaf %3s   " "$c")"; echo -n "$_"
    [[ $c -ge $(( w*2 )) ]] && offset=2 || offset=0
    [[ $(((c+offset) % (w-offset))) -eq $(((w-offset)-1)) ]] && echo
done

tput init

Answer 16

感谢@ k-five这个答案

declare -A colors
#curl www.bunlongheng.com/code/colors.png

# Reset
colors[Color_Off]='\033[0m'       # Text Reset

# Regular Colors
colors[Black]='\033[0;30m'        # Black
colors[Red]='\033[0;31m'          # Red
colors[Green]='\033[0;32m'        # Green
colors[Yellow]='\033[0;33m'       # Yellow
colors[Blue]='\033[0;34m'         # Blue
colors[Purple]='\033[0;35m'       # Purple
colors[Cyan]='\033[0;36m'         # Cyan
colors[White]='\033[0;37m'        # White

# Bold
colors[BBlack]='\033[1;30m'       # Black
colors[BRed]='\033[1;31m'         # Red
colors[BGreen]='\033[1;32m'       # Green
colors[BYellow]='\033[1;33m'      # Yellow
colors[BBlue]='\033[1;34m'        # Blue
colors[BPurple]='\033[1;35m'      # Purple
colors[BCyan]='\033[1;36m'        # Cyan
colors[BWhite]='\033[1;37m'       # White

# Underline
colors[UBlack]='\033[4;30m'       # Black
colors[URed]='\033[4;31m'         # Red
colors[UGreen]='\033[4;32m'       # Green
colors[UYellow]='\033[4;33m'      # Yellow
colors[UBlue]='\033[4;34m'        # Blue
colors[UPurple]='\033[4;35m'      # Purple
colors[UCyan]='\033[4;36m'        # Cyan
colors[UWhite]='\033[4;37m'       # White

# Background
colors[On_Black]='\033[40m'       # Black
colors[On_Red]='\033[41m'         # Red
colors[On_Green]='\033[42m'       # Green
colors[On_Yellow]='\033[43m'      # Yellow
colors[On_Blue]='\033[44m'        # Blue
colors[On_Purple]='\033[45m'      # Purple
colors[On_Cyan]='\033[46m'        # Cyan
colors[On_White]='\033[47m'       # White

# High Intensity
colors[IBlack]='\033[0;90m'       # Black
colors[IRed]='\033[0;91m'         # Red
colors[IGreen]='\033[0;92m'       # Green
colors[IYellow]='\033[0;93m'      # Yellow
colors[IBlue]='\033[0;94m'        # Blue
colors[IPurple]='\033[0;95m'      # Purple
colors[ICyan]='\033[0;96m'        # Cyan
colors[IWhite]='\033[0;97m'       # White

# Bold High Intensity
colors[BIBlack]='\033[1;90m'      # Black
colors[BIRed]='\033[1;91m'        # Red
colors[BIGreen]='\033[1;92m'      # Green
colors[BIYellow]='\033[1;93m'     # Yellow
colors[BIBlue]='\033[1;94m'       # Blue
colors[BIPurple]='\033[1;95m'     # Purple
colors[BICyan]='\033[1;96m'       # Cyan
colors[BIWhite]='\033[1;97m'      # White

# High Intensity backgrounds
colors[On_IBlack]='\033[0;100m'   # Black
colors[On_IRed]='\033[0;101m'     # Red
colors[On_IGreen]='\033[0;102m'   # Green
colors[On_IYellow]='\033[0;103m'  # Yellow
colors[On_IBlue]='\033[0;104m'    # Blue
colors[On_IPurple]='\033[0;105m'  # Purple
colors[On_ICyan]='\033[0;106m'    # Cyan
colors[On_IWhite]='\033[0;107m'   # White


color=${colors[$input_color]}
white=${colors[White]}
# echo $white



for i in "${!colors[@]}"
do
  echo -e "$i = ${colors[$i]}I love you$white"
done

结果

希望这张图片可以帮助你为你的bash挑选颜色:D

Answer 17

这是我最终使用的sed

echo " [timestamp] production.FATAL Some Message\n" \
"[timestamp] production.ERROR Some Message\n" \
"[timestamp] production.WARNING Some Message\n" \
"[timestamp] production.INFO Some Message\n" \
"[timestamp] production.DEBUG Some Message\n"  | sed \
-e "s/FATAL/"$'\e[31m'"&"$'\e[m'"/" \
-e "s/ERROR/"$'\e[31m'"&"$'\e[m'"/" \
-e "s/WARNING/"$'\e[33m'"&"$'\e[m'"/" \
-e "s/INFO/"$'\e[32m'"&"$'\e[m'"/" \
-e "s/DEBUG/"$'\e[34m'"&"$'\e[m'"/"

打印如下：

Answer 18

这些代码适用于我的Ubuntu盒子:

echo -e "\x1B[31m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[32m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[96m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;96m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;95m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;94m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;93m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;91m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;90m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;89m foobar \x1B[0m"
echo -e "\x1B[01;36m foobar \x1B[0m"

这将以不同的颜色打印字母abcd:

echo -e "\x1B[0;93m a \x1B[0m b \x1B[0;92m c \x1B[0;93m d \x1B[0;94m"

对于循环:

for (( i = 0; i < 17; i++ )); 
do echo "$(tput setaf $i)This is ($i) $(tput sgr0)"; 
done

Answer 19

为了便于阅读

如果您想提高代码的可读性,可以echo首先使用字符串,然后使用sed以下方法添加颜色:

echo 'Hello World!' | sed $'s/World/\e[1m&\e[0m/' 

Answer 20

没有人注意到ANSI代码7 反转视频的有用性.

通过交换前景色和背景色,它可以在任何终端方案颜色,黑色或白色背景或其他幻想调色板上保持可读性.

例如,对于无处不在的红色背景:

 ESC[38;2;?r?;?g?;?b?m  /*Foreground color*/
 ESC[48;2;?r?;?g?;?b?m  /*Background color*/

这是改变终端内置方案时的外观:

这是用于gif的循环脚本.

 echo -e "\e[38;2;255;0;0mHello world\e[0m"

请参阅https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_(Select_Graphic_Rendition)_parameters

Answer 21

要显示具有不同颜色的消息输出，您可以：

echo -e "\033[31;1mYour Message\033[0m"

-黑色 0;30 深灰色 1;30

-红色 0;31 浅红色 1;31

-绿色 0;32 浅绿色 1;32

-棕色/橙色 0;33 黄色 1;33

-蓝色 0;34 浅蓝色 1;34

-紫色 0;35 浅紫色 1;35

-青色 0;36 浅青色 1;36

-浅灰色 0;37 白色 1;37

Answer 22

到目前为止,我最喜欢的答案是有色的Echo.

只是发布另一个选项,你可以查看这个小工具xcol

https://ownyourbits.com/2017/01/23/colorize-your-stdout-with-xcol/

你就像使用grep一样使用它,例如,它会为每个参数用不同的颜色着色它的标准输入

sudo netstat -putan | xcol httpd sshd dnsmasq pulseaudio conky tor Telegram firefox "[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+\.[[:digit:]]+" ":[[:digit:]]+" "tcp." "udp." LISTEN ESTABLISHED TIME_WAIT

请注意,它接受sed将接受的任何正则表达式.

此工具使用以下定义

#normal=$(tput sgr0)                      # normal text
normal=$'\e[0m'                           # (works better sometimes)
bold=$(tput bold)                         # make colors bold/bright
red="$bold$(tput setaf 1)"                # bright red text
green=$(tput setaf 2)                     # dim green text
fawn=$(tput setaf 3); beige="$fawn"       # dark yellow text
yellow="$bold$fawn"                       # bright yellow text
darkblue=$(tput setaf 4)                  # dim blue text
blue="$bold$darkblue"                     # bright blue text
purple=$(tput setaf 5); magenta="$purple" # magenta text
pink="$bold$purple"                       # bright magenta text
darkcyan=$(tput setaf 6)                  # dim cyan text
cyan="$bold$darkcyan"                     # bright cyan text
gray=$(tput setaf 7)                      # dim white text
darkgray="$bold"$(tput setaf 0)           # bold black = dark gray text
white="$bold$gray"                        # bright white text

我在我的脚本中使用这些变量

echo "${red}hello ${yellow}this is ${green}coloured${normal}"

Answer 23

我用它进行彩色打印

#!/bin/bash
#--------------------------------------------------------------------+
#Color picker, usage: printf $BLD$CUR$RED$BBLU'Hello World!'$DEF     |
#-------------------------+--------------------------------+---------+
#       Text color        |       Background color         |         |
#-----------+-------------+--------------+-----------------+         |
# Base color|Lighter shade| Base color   | Lighter shade   |         |
#-----------+-------------+--------------+-----------------+         |
BLK='\e[30m'; blk='\e[90m'; BBLK='\e[40m'; bblk='\e[100m' #| Black   |
RED='\e[31m'; red='\e[91m'; BRED='\e[41m'; bred='\e[101m' #| Red     |
GRN='\e[32m'; grn='\e[92m'; BGRN='\e[42m'; bgrn='\e[102m' #| Green   |
YLW='\e[33m'; ylw='\e[93m'; BYLW='\e[43m'; bylw='\e[103m' #| Yellow  |
BLU='\e[34m'; blu='\e[94m'; BBLU='\e[44m'; bblu='\e[104m' #| Blue    |
MGN='\e[35m'; mgn='\e[95m'; BMGN='\e[45m'; bmgn='\e[105m' #| Magenta |
CYN='\e[36m'; cyn='\e[96m'; BCYN='\e[46m'; bcyn='\e[106m' #| Cyan    |
WHT='\e[37m'; wht='\e[97m'; BWHT='\e[47m'; bwht='\e[107m' #| White   |
#-------------------------{ Effects }----------------------+---------+
DEF='\e[0m'   #Default color and effects                             |
BLD='\e[1m'   #Bold\brighter                                         |
DIM='\e[2m'   #Dim\darker                                            |
CUR='\e[3m'   #Italic font                                           |
UND='\e[4m'   #Underline                                             |
INV='\e[7m'   #Inverted                                              |
COF='\e[?25l' #Cursor Off                                            |
CON='\e[?25h' #Cursor On                                             |
#------------------------{ Functions }-------------------------------+
# Text positioning, usage: XY 10 10 'Hello World!'                   |
XY () { printf "\e[$2;${1}H$3"; }                                   #|
# Print line, usage: line - 10 | line -= 20 | line 'Hello World!' 20 |
line () { printf -v _L %$2s; printf -- "${_L// /$1}"; }             #|
# Create sequence like {0..(X-1)}                                    |
que () { printf -v _N %$1s; _N=(${_N// / 1}); printf "${!_N[*]}"; } #|
#--------------------------------------------------------------------+

所有基本颜色都设置为变量，还有一些有用的功能：XY、线和队列。在您的其中一个脚本中获取此脚本并使用所有颜色变量和函数。

Answer 24

为了扩展这个答案,为了我们的懒惰:

function echocolor() { # $1 = string
    COLOR='\033[1;33m'
    NC='\033[0m'
    printf "${COLOR}$1${NC}\n"
}

echo "This won't be colored"
echocolor "This will be colorful"

Answer 25

您可以在bash脚本中定义颜色，如下所示：

red=$'\e[1;31m'
grn=$'\e[1;32m'
yel=$'\e[1;33m'
blu=$'\e[1;34m'
mag=$'\e[1;35m'
cyn=$'\e[1;36m'
end=$'\e[0m'

然后使用它们以您需要的颜色进行打印：

printf "%s\n" "Text in ${red}red${end}, white and ${blu}blue${end}."

Answer 26

您可以“组合”颜色和文本模式。

#!/bin/bash

echo red text / black background \(Reverse\)
echo "\033[31;7mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[31;7mHello world\e[0m";
echo

echo yellow text / red background
echo "\033[32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo "\033[0;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[0;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo

echo yellow BOLD text / red background
echo "\033[1;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[1;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo

echo yellow BOLD text underline / red background
echo "\033[1;4;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[1;4;32;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo "\033[1;32;4;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[1;32;4;41mHello world\e[0m";
echo "\033[4;32;41;1mHello world\e[0m";
echo -e "\033[4;32;41;1mHello world\e[0m";
echo

Answer 27

这是我用来查看所有组合并决定哪个读起来很酷的：

for (( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )); do
    for (( j = 0; j < 8; j++ )); do
        printf "$(tput setab $i)$(tput setaf $j)(b=$i, f=$j)$(tput sgr0)\n"
    done
done

Answer 28

绝对应该在原始ANSI控制序列上使用tput。

因为存在大量不同的终端控制语言，所以系统通常具有中间通信层。在数据库中查找当前检测到的终端类型的实际代码，然后向API发出标准请求，或者（从外壳程序）向命令发出标准请求。

这些命令之一是tput。tput接受一组称为功能名称和任何参数（如果适用）的首字母缩写词，然后在terminfo数据库中为检测到的终端查找正确的转义序列，并打印正确的代码（终端希望能理解）。

来自http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/scripting/terminalcodes

就是说，我编写了一个名为bash-tint的小型帮助程序库，该库在tput之上添加了另一层，使其更易于使用（imho）：

例： tint "white(Cyan(T)Magenta(I)Yellow(N)Black(T)) is bold(really) easy to use."

将给出以下结果：

Answer 29

如果您使用的是zsh或bash

black() {
    echo -e "\e[30m${1}\e[0m"
}

red() {
    echo -e "\e[31m${1}\e[0m"
}

green() {
    echo -e "\e[32m${1}\e[0m"
}

yellow() {
    echo -e "\e[33m${1}\e[0m"
}

blue() {
    echo -e "\e[34m${1}\e[0m"
}

magenta() {
    echo -e "\e[35m${1}\e[0m"
}

cyan() {
    echo -e "\e[36m${1}\e[0m"
}

gray() {
    echo -e "\e[90m${1}\e[0m"
}

black 'BLACK'
red 'RED'
green 'GREEN'
yellow 'YELLOW'
blue 'BLUE'
magenta 'MAGENTA'
cyan 'CYAN'
gray 'GRAY'

在线尝试