Hof*_*off 116 database postgresql backup
我正在编写一个shell脚本(将成为一个cronjob),它将:
1:转储我的生产数据库
2:将转储导入我的开发数据库
在步骤1和2之间,我需要清除开发数据库(删除所有表？).如何从shell脚本中最好地完成？到目前为止,它看起来像这样:
#!/bin/bash
time=`date '+%Y'-'%m'-'%d'`
# 1. export(dump) the current production database
pg_dump -U production_db_name > /backup/dir/backup-${time}.sql
# missing step: drop all tables from development database so it can be re-populated
# 2. load the backup into the development database
psql -U development_db_name < backup/dir/backup-${time}.sql
Hae*_*aes 165
我只是删除数据库,然后重新创建它.在UNIX或Linux系统上,应该这样做:
$ dropdb development_db_name
$ createdb developmnent_db_name
实际上,我就是这样做的.
Ban*_*i-T 84
如果你实际上不需要以纯文本的.sql脚本文件格式倾倒到磁盘上的数据库进行备份,你可以连接pg_dump并pg_restore通过管道直接在一起.
要删除并重新创建表,可以使用--clean命令行选项pg_dump发出SQL命令,以便在创建它们(命令)之前清理(删除)数据库对象.(在重新创建数据库之前,这不会丢弃整个数据库,只会丢弃每个表/序列/索引/等.)
以上两个看起来像这样:
pg_dump -U username --clean | pg_restore -U username
Fra*_*ack 13
虽然以下行是从Windows批处理脚本中获取的,但该命令应该非常相似:
psql -U username -h localhost -d postgres -c "DROP DATABASE \"$DATABASE\";"
此命令用于通过实际删除它来清除整个数据库.命令中的$DATABASE(在Windows中应该是%DATABASE%)是一个Windows样式环境变量,其值为数据库名称.你需要用你的替代品development_db_name.
Mas*_*iri 13
注意：pg_dump 和 pg_restore 不会完全清除整个数据库。
DROP SCHEMA public CASCADE;
CREATE SCHEMA public;
如果您使用 PostgreSQL 9.3 或更高版本，您可能还需要恢复默认授权。
GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO <your_db_username>;
GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO public;
小智 11
如果要清理名为“example_db”的数据库：
1）登录到另一个数据库（例如'postgres'）：
psql postgres
2）删除您的数据库：
DROP DATABASE example_db;
3）重新创建您的数据库：
CREATE DATABASE example_db;
mir*_*los 10
注意：我的回答是关于真正删除表和其他数据库对象；为了删除表中的所有数据，即截断所有表，Endre Both 一个月后提供了类似良好执行（直接执行）的语句。
对于您不能只是DROP SCHEMA public CASCADE;，DROP OWNED BY current_user;或其他事情的情况，这是我编写的一个独立的 SQL 脚本，它是事务安全的（即您可以将它放在两者之间BEGIN;，或者ROLLBACK;只是测试它或COMMIT;实际执行操作）和清理“所有”数据库对象……好吧，我们应用程序使用的数据库中使用的所有对象，或者我可以明智地添加，即：
CHECK、、UNIQUE）VIEWs（正常或物化）public或DB-internal）模式“我们”拥有：脚本在作为“非数据库超级用户”运行时很有用；超级用户可以删除所有模式（但仍然明确排除真正重要的模式）未删除的是（有些是故意的；有些只是因为我的数据库中没有示例）：
public模式（例如用于扩展他们提供的东西）当您要恢复的转储与您要恢复到的数据库具有不同的数据库模式版本（例如，使用 Debian 、Flyway 或 Liquibase/DB-Manul）时，这非常有用dbconfig-common。
我还有一个版本，它删除“除了两个表和属于它们的所有内容”（一个序列，手动测试，对不起，我知道，无聊）以防有人感兴趣；差异很小。如果有兴趣，请联系我或查看此 repo。
-- Copyright © 2019, 2020
-- mirabilos <t.glaser@tarent.de>
--
-- Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
-- are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
-- is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un?
-- limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
-- merge, give away, or sublicence.
--
-- This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
-- the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
-- implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
-- may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
-- direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
-- of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
-- damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
-- of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
-- -
-- Drop everything from the PostgreSQL database.
DO $$
DECLARE
q TEXT;
r RECORD;
BEGIN
-- triggers
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pt.tgname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_trigger pt, pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pt.tgrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pt.tgisinternal=false
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP TRIGGER %I ON %I.%I;',
r.tgname, r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- constraints #1: foreign key
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pcon.conname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint pcon, pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pcon.conrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pcon.contype='f'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('ALTER TABLE ONLY %I.%I DROP CONSTRAINT %I;',
r.nspname, r.relname, r.conname);
END LOOP;
-- constraints #2: the rest
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname, pcon.conname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint pcon, pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace AND pc.oid=pcon.conrelid
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pcon.contype<>'f'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('ALTER TABLE ONLY %I.%I DROP CONSTRAINT %I;',
r.nspname, r.relname, r.conname);
END LOOP;
-- indic?s
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='i'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP INDEX %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- normal and materialised views
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind IN ('v', 'm')
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP VIEW %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- tables
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='r'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP TABLE %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- sequences
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pc.relname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class pc, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pc.relnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pc.relkind='S'
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP SEQUENCE %I.%I;',
r.nspname, r.relname);
END LOOP;
-- extensions (only if necessary; keep them normally)
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pe.extname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_extension pe, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pe.extnamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP EXTENSION %I;', r.extname);
END LOOP;
-- aggregate functions first (because they depend on other functions)
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname, pp.proname, pp.oid
FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc pp, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns, pg_catalog.pg_aggregate pagg
WHERE pns.oid=pp.pronamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
AND pagg.aggfnoid=pp.oid
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP AGGREGATE %I.%I(%s);',
r.nspname, r.proname,
pg_get_function_identity_arguments(r.oid));
END LOOP;
-- routines (functions, aggregate functions, procedures, window functions)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute
WHERE attrelid='pg_catalog.pg_proc'::regclass
AND attname='prokind' -- PostgreSQL 11+
) THEN
q := 'CASE pp.prokind
WHEN ''p'' THEN ''PROCEDURE''
WHEN ''a'' THEN ''AGGREGATE''
ELSE ''FUNCTION''
END';
ELSIF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute
WHERE attrelid='pg_catalog.pg_proc'::regclass
AND attname='proisagg' -- PostgreSQL ?10
) THEN
q := 'CASE pp.proisagg
WHEN true THEN ''AGGREGATE''
ELSE ''FUNCTION''
END';
ELSE
q := '''FUNCTION''';
END IF;
FOR r IN EXECUTE 'SELECT pns.nspname, pp.proname, pp.oid, ' || q || ' AS pt
FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc pp, pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns
WHERE pns.oid=pp.pronamespace
AND pns.nspname NOT IN (''information_schema'', ''pg_catalog'', ''pg_toast'')
' LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP %s %I.%I(%s);', r.pt,
r.nspname, r.proname,
pg_get_function_identity_arguments(r.oid));
END LOOP;
-- n?n-default schemata we own; assume to be run by a not-superuser
FOR r IN (SELECT pns.nspname
FROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace pns, pg_catalog.pg_roles pr
WHERE pr.oid=pns.nspowner
AND pns.nspname NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog', 'pg_toast', 'public')
AND pr.rolname=current_user
) LOOP
EXECUTE format('DROP SCHEMA %I;', r.nspname);
END LOOP;
-- voilà
RAISE NOTICE 'Database cleared!';
END; $$;
在 PostgreSQL 9.6 ( )上测试，除了后来的添加（extensions由Clément Prévost贡献jessie-backports）。在 9.6 和 12.2 上测试了骨料去除，也在 12.2 上测试了程序去除。欢迎修正错误和进一步改进！
小智 7
转储:
pg_dump -Fc mydb > db.dump
恢复:
pg_restore --verbose --clean --no-acl --no-owner -h localhost -U myuser -d my_db db/latest.dump
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