如何在Javascript中设置HTML5必需属性?

Ian*_*oyd 75 javascript validation html5

我试图在Javascript text中根据需要标记输入框.

<input id="edName" type="text" id="name">
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如果该字段最初标记为required:

<form>
    <input id="edName" type="text" id="name" required><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Search">
</form>
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当用户尝试提交时,他们会收到验证错误:

在此输入图像描述

但现在我想通过Javascript required"运行时"设置属性:

<form>
    <input id="edName" type="text" id="name"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Search">
</form>
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与相应的脚本:

//recommended W3C HTML5 syntax for boolean attributes
document.getElementById("edName").attributes["required"] = "";         
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除非我现在提交,否则没有验证检查,没有阻止.

设置HTML5验证布尔属性正确方法是什么?

的jsfiddle

你问,这个属性有什么价值?

HTML5验证required属性记录Boolean:

4.10.7.3.4 required属性

required属性是布尔属性.指定时,元素是必需的.

关于如何定义boolean属性有很多令人费解的事.HTML5规范说明:

元素上存在布尔属性表示真值,缺少属性表示false值.

如果该属性存在,则其值必须是空字符串,或者是属性的规范名称的ASCII不区分大小写匹配的值,没有前导或尾随空格.

这意味着您可以通过两种不同的方式指定required 布尔属性:

edName.attributes.required = ""; //the empty string
edName.attributes.required = "required"; //the attribute's canonical name
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但是,什么是属性的值真的

当你查看我的问题的jsFiddle时,你会注意到如果required在标记中定义了属性:

<input id="edName" type="text" id="name" required>
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那么属性的值不是空字符串,也不是属性的规范名称:

edName.attributes.required = [object Attr]
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这可能会导致解决方案.

T.J*_*der 94

required反射的属性(如id,name,type,并且这样的),所以:

element.required = true;
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... element实际的inputDOM元素在哪里,例如:

document.getElementById("edName").required = true;
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(只是为了完整.)

回覆:

那么属性的值不是空字符串,也不是属性的规范名称:

edName.attributes.required = [object Attr]
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那是因为required代码是属性对象,而不是字符串; attributes是一个NamedNodeMap值为Attr对象的值.为了获得其中一个的价值,你会看看它的value属性.但是对于布尔属性,该值不相关; 属性要么存在于地图中(true),要么不存在(false).

因此,如果required 没有反映,您可以通过添加属性来设置它:

element.setAttribute("required", "");
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......相当于element.required = true.你可以通过完全删除它来清除它:

element.removeAttribute("required");
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......相当于element.required = false.

但是我们不必这样做required,因为它已被反映出来.


Ian*_*oyd 85

精简版

element.setAttribute("required", "");    //turns required on
element.required = true;                 //turns required on through reflected attribute
jQuery(element).attr('required', '');    //turns required on
$("#elementId").attr('required', '');    //turns required on

element.removeAttribute("required");     //turns required off
element.required = false;                //turns required off through reflected attribute
jQuery(element).removeAttr('required');  //turns required off
$("#elementId").removeAttr('required');  //turns required off

if (edName.hasAttribute("required")) { }  //check if required
if (edName.required) { }                 //check if required using reflected attribute
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长版

一旦TJ Crowder设法指出反射属性,我就会发现以下语法错误:

element.attributes["name"] = value; //bad! Overwrites the HtmlAttribute object
element.attributes.name = value;    //bad! Overwrites the HtmlAttribute object
value = element.attributes.name;    //bad! Returns the HtmlAttribute object, not its value
value = element.attributes["name"]; //bad! Returns the HtmlAttribute object, not its value
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必须经历element.getAttributeelement.setAttribute:

element.getAttribute("foo");         //correct
element.setAttribute("foo", "test"); //correct
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这是因为该属性实际上包含一个特殊的HtmlAttribute对象:

element.attributes["foo"];           //returns HtmlAttribute object, not the value of the attribute
element.attributes.foo;              //returns HtmlAttribute object, not the value of the attribute
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通过将属性值设置为"true",您错误地将其设置为String对象,而不是它需要的HtmlAttribute对象:

element.attributes["foo"] = "true";  //error because "true" is not a HtmlAttribute object
element.setAttribute("foo", "true"); //error because "true" is not an HtmlAttribute object
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从概念上讲,正确的想法(用打字语言表达)是:

HtmlAttribute attribute = new HtmlAttribute();
attribute.value = "";
element.attributes["required"] = attribute;
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这就是为什么:

  • getAttribute(name)
  • setAttribute(name, value)

存在.他们完成了将值分配给内部HtmlAttribute对象的工作.

除此之外,还会反映一些属性.这意味着您可以通过Javascript更好地访问它们:

//Set the required attribute
//element.setAttribute("required", ""); 
element.required = true;

//Check the attribute
//if (element.getAttribute("required")) {...}
if (element.required) {...}

//Remove the required attribute
//element.removeAttribute("required");
element.required = false;
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什么,你想要做的就是误用.attributes集合:

element.attributes.required = true;     //WRONG!
if (element.attributes.required) {...}  //WRONG!
element.attributes.required = false;    //WRONG!
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测试案例

这导致围绕使用required属性进行测试,比较通过属性返回的值和反射属性

document.getElementById("name").required;
document.getElementById("name").getAttribute("required");
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结果:

HTML                         .required        .getAttribute("required")
==========================   ===============  =========================
<input>                      false (Boolean)  null (Object)
<input required>             true  (Boolean)  "" (String)
<input required="">          true  (Boolean)  "" (String)
<input required="required">  true  (Boolean)  "required" (String)
<input required="true">      true  (Boolean)  "true" (String)
<input required="false">     true  (Boolean)  "false" (String)
<input required="0">         true  (Boolean)  "0" (String)
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试图.attributes直接访问该集合是错误的.它返回表示DOM属性的对象:

edName.attributes["required"] => [object Attr]
edName.attributes.required    => [object Attr]
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这就解释了为什么你不应该.attributes直接与收藏品交谈.您不是在操纵属性的,而是操纵属性本身的对象.

如何设置要求?

设置required属性的正确方法是什么?您有两个选择,可以是反射属性,也可以通过正确设置属性:

element.setAttribute("required", "");         //Correct
edName.required = true;                       //Correct
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严格地说,任何其他值都将"设置"该属性.但Boolean属性的定义规定只应将其设置为空字符串""以指示true.下面的方法都工作到设定required 布尔属性,

不要使用它们:

element.setAttribute("required", "required"); //valid, but not preferred
element.setAttribute("required", "foo");      //works, but silly
element.setAttribute("required", "true");     //Works, but don't do it, because:
element.setAttribute("required", "false");    //also sets required boolean to true
element.setAttribute("required", false);      //also sets required boolean to true
element.setAttribute("required", 0);          //also sets required boolean to true
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我们已经了解到尝试直接设置属性是错误的:

edName.attributes["required"] = true;       //wrong
edName.attributes["required"] = "";         //wrong
edName.attributes["required"] = "required"; //wrong
edName.attributes.required = true;          //wrong
edName.attributes.required = "";            //wrong
edName.attributes.required = "required";    //wrong
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如何清除所需?

努力当诀窍删除required属性是很容易不小心打开它:

edName.removeAttribute("required");     //Correct
edName.required = false;                //Correct
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使用无效方式:

edName.setAttribute("required", null);    //WRONG! Actually turns required on!
edName.setAttribute("required", "");      //WRONG! Actually turns required on!
edName.setAttribute("required", "false"); //WRONG! Actually turns required on!
edName.setAttribute("required", false);   //WRONG! Actually turns required on!
edName.setAttribute("required", 0);       //WRONG! Actually turns required on!
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使用反射.required属性时,您还可以使用任何"falsey"值将其关闭,并使用truthy值将其打开.但为了清晰起见,坚持真假.

如何检查required

通过以下.hasAttribute("required")方法检查属性是否存在:

if (edName.hasAttribute("required"))
{
}
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您还可以通过布尔反射.required属性检查它 :

if (edName.required)
{
}
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  • 变量“element”和“edName”之间有什么区别? (2认同)

vla*_*iov 9

和jquery版本:

$('input').attr('required', true)
$('input').attr('required', false)
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我知道这是不可能的,但也许有人会觉得这很有帮助:)

  • 实际上,使用`prop()`而不是`attr()`:) (2认同)

Den*_*ret 8

重要的不是属性而是属性,它的值是布尔值.

您可以使用它进行设置

 document.getElementById("edName").required = true;
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