如何通过 .htaccess 启用 Gzip 或 Deflate 压缩？

Question

如何通过 .htaccess 启用 Gzip 或 Deflate 压缩，现在哪个最好？需要的代码示例。

Answer 1

HTML5 Boilerplate ( http://html5boilerplate.com ) 提供了似乎是最好和最有效的解决方案设置以及许多其他解决方案，如缓存、mime 类型等。强烈推荐。

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>

# Force compression for mangled headers.
# http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
</IfModule>
</IfModule>


# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types
# (for Apache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable `mod_filter`
#  and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` and `</IfModule>` lines
#  as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives).

<IfModule mod_filter.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \
application/javascript \
application/json \
application/rss+xml \
application/vnd.ms-fontobject \
application/x-font-ttf \
application/x-web-app-manifest+json \
application/xhtml+xml \
application/xml \
font/opentype \
image/svg+xml \
image/x-icon \
text/css \
text/html \
text/plain \
text/x-component \
text/xml
</IfModule>

</IfModule>

编辑：由于这个问题和答案在几年后不断得到支持，我将 H5BP 服务器配置链接放在更完整的优化上。

编辑：固定链接到https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache

Answer 2

请参阅 Apache mod_deflate文档，特别是“压缩除图像之外的所有内容”示例。它对我来说效果很好，并将.htaccess按如下方式放入文件中：

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
        # Insert filter
        SetOutputFilter DEFLATE

        # Netscape 4.x has some problems...
        BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html

        # Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problems
        BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip

        # MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fine
        # BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html

        # NOTE: Due to a bug in mod_setenvif up to Apache 2.0.48
        # the above regex won't work. You can use the following
        # workaround to get the desired effect:
        BrowserMatch \bMSI[E] !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html

        # Don't compress images
        SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \
        \.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary

        # Make sure proxies don't deliver the wrong content
        Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
</IfModule>

而且，当然，请确保您的httpd.conf文件中包含以下内容以启用mod_deflate：

LoadModule deflate_module libexec/apache2/mod_deflate.so

Answer 3

我使用以下添加到.htaccess我的public_html目录根目录的文件中的方式对我网站上的静态资产（按 MIME 类型）启用了 deflate ：

<ifModule mod_deflate.c>
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/xml text/css text/plain
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json
</ifModule>

您也可以通过文件扩展名启用它，尽管我没有方便的语法。