Postfix 警告：SASL：连接到 /var/spool/postfix/private/auth 失败：没有这样的文件或目录

Question

我已经搜索过，但未能找到答案，我没有想法。我只是对 postfix 和 dovecot 不够了解，无法解析配置或了解可能导致此错误的原因。

warning: SASL: Connect to /var/spool/postfix/private/auth failed: No such file or directory
fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms

我无法使用 SASL 连接外部客户端（例如 Thunderbird）来进行 postfix。我希望这是显而易见的事情，但我就是看不到它。

1. /var/spool/postfix/private/auth存在。它属于 postfix 所有。Dovecot 设置为使用 postfix 作为用户

2. Dovecot 正在运行并监听：
   unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 241906 12768/dovecot /var/spool/postfix/private/auth

3. postconf -n输出：

   alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
   alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
   append_dot_mydomain = no
   biff = no
   broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
   compatibility_level = 2
   inet_interfaces = all
   inet_protocols = all
   local_recipient_maps = $virtual_mailbox_maps
   local_transport = virtual
   mailbox_size_limit = 0
   milter_default_action = accept
   milter_protocol = 2
   mydestination = $myhostname, my-server.my-server.com, my-server, localhost.localdomain, localhost
   myhostname = my-server
   mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
   myorigin = /etc/mailname
   non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
   readme_directory = no
   recipient_delimiter = +
   relay_domains = $mydestination, proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql/relay_domains.cf
   relayhost =
   smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
   smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
   smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
   smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
   smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
   smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
   smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
   smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
   smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
   smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
   smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my-server.com/fullchain.pem
   smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my-server.com/privkey.pem
   smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
   smtpd_use_tls = yes
   virtual_alias_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf, proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_alias_domain_catchall_maps.cf
   virtual_gid_maps = static:113
   virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vmail
   virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
   virtual_mailbox_limit = 512000000
   virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, proxy:pgsql:/etc/postfix/sql/psql_virtual_alias_domain_mailbox_maps.cf
   virtual_minimum_uid = 113
   virtual_transport = virtual
   virtual_uid_maps = static:113
   

4. dovecot -n输出：

   # 2.2.33.2 (d6601f4ec): /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
   # Pigeonhole version 0.4.21 (92477967)
   # OS: Linux 4.15.0-66-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS ext4
   auth_mechanisms = plain login
   first_valid_uid = 113
   log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
   login_greeting = My Mail Server
   mail_location = maildir:/var/mail/vmail/%u/
   mail_max_userip_connections = 50
   mail_plugins = " zlib"
   mail_privileged_group = mail
   namespace inbox {
     inbox = yes
     location =
     mailbox Drafts {
       special_use = \Drafts
     }
     mailbox Junk {
       special_use = \Junk
     }
     mailbox Sent {
       special_use = \Sent
     }
     mailbox "Sent Messages" {
       special_use = \Sent
     }
     mailbox Spam {
       special_use = \Junk
     }
     mailbox Trash {
       special_use = \Trash
     }
     prefix =
     type = private
   }
   passdb {
     driver = pam
   }
   passdb {
     args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
     driver = sql
   }
   plugin {
     zlib_save = gz
     zlib_save_level = 6
   }
   protocols = imap pop3
   service auth {
     group = postfix
     unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
       group = postfix
       mode = 0666
       user = postfix
     }
     unix_listener auth-userdb {
       group = postfix
       mode = 0666
       user = postfix
     }
     user = postfix
   }
   service imap-login {
     inet_listener imaps {
       port = 993
       ssl = yes
     }
   }
   service imap {
     executable = imap
   }
   ssl_cert = </etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my-server.com/fullchain.pem
   ssl_client_ca_dir = /etc/ssl/certs
   ssl_key =  # hidden, use -P to show it
   userdb {
     driver = passwd
   }
   userdb {
     args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
     driver = sql
   }
   protocol imap {
     mail_plugins = " zlib imap_zlib"
   }
   

Answer 1

在某些发行版中，例如 Debian，postfix 默认在 chroot 中运行。Chroot 更改了明显的根目录，因此 postfix 不会像您一样看到您的文件系统。/var/spool/postfix/private/auth这就是为什么即使文件存在并且属于 postfix 所有，它也看不到的原因。

如果您想在没有 chroot 的情况下运行 postfix，请编辑您的/etc/postfix/master.cf文件以明确为每个相关项目设置 chroot 列n（对我来说，这就是所有项目）。请注意，如果您使用隐式默认值，-您可能仍然会获得 chroot，这显然是由于某些发行版维护者更改了编译默认值。

/etc/postfix/master.cf ：​

# =============================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# =============================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd

如果您更喜欢 chroot 操作，请参阅为 chroot 准备 posfix 的文档：BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README#chroot_setup