我开始构建我的第一个云服务器：带有 postfix 的 Ubuntu 16.04。
问题是当我从网上商店发送邮件时，如何配置 postfix 以使用 TLSv1.2？
当我的网店向我的 postfix 服务器发送邮件时，它使用 TLSv1 以下是日志：
postfix/submission/smtpd[19111]: Anonymous TLS connection established from domainname.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]: TLSv1 with cipher DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA (256/256 bits)
在我的网店中，我在配置中设置：使用：TLS 端口：587
谢谢 J
My server info:
Ubuntu 16.04
postfix:
Installed: 3.1.0-3
openssl:
Installed: 1.0.2h-1+deb.sury.org~xenial+1
这是来自 postfix 的日志：可以看到带有 TLSv1 的邮件...... :(
Sep 19 19:10:56 ubuntu postfix/master[6992]: daemon started -- version 3.1.0, configuration /etc/postfix
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/submission/smtpd[7126]: connect from domainname.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/submission/smtpd[7126]: Anonymous TLS connection established from domainname.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]: TLSv1 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/submission/smtpd[7126]: 803AB41C0A: client=domainname.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx], sasl_method=LOGIN, sasl_username=raitis
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/cleanup[7131]: 803AB41C0A: message-id=<d140ddbbdfc3d0b9d1da2231e6c2af6d@www.domainname.com>
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/qmgr[7010]: 803AB41C0A: from=<info@domainname.com>, size=694, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/submission/smtpd[7126]: disconnect from domainname.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] ehlo=2 starttls=1 auth=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=8
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/smtp[7133]: Trusted TLS connection established to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[66.102.1.26]:25: TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/smtp[7133]: 803AB41C0A: to=<webshopmail@gmail.com>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[66.102.1.26]:25, delay=0.43, delays=0.06/0.04/0.2/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1474305064 14si1756669wmn.119 - gsmtp)
Sep 19 19:11:04 ubuntu postfix/qmgr[7010]: 803AB41C0A: removed
大师.cf
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
smtpd pass n - - - - smtpd
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=may
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols=TLSv1
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
Ale*_*lke 12
TLS 1.0 版通常被认为是不安全的，这就是为什么要求您将其关闭的原因。有两个潜在的错误影响了 TLS v1.0：BEAST 和 POODLE。TLS 1.0 的问题是稍后发现的，与 SSL v3 有所不同（请参阅此讨论），但它们通常被视为相同。
不过，我为使 postfix 兼容所做的工作是在以下内容中阻止使用 SSL v2/3 和 TLS v1.0 main.cf：
smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3,!TLSv1
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3,!TLSv1
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3,!TLSv1
smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3,!TLSv1
我没有改变任何东西master.cf。
我还通过以下方式阻止基本加密协议：
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = RC4, aNULL
根据下面的评论，完整的排除列表应更新为更长的列表，如下所示：
smtpd_tls_exclude_ciphers = aNULL, LOW, EXP, MEDIUM, ADH, AECDH, MD5,
DSS, ECDSA, CAMELLIA128, 3DES, CAMELLIA256,
RSA+AES, eNULL
作为旁注，您还需要使用以下两行强制某种形式的加密：
smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
这可能会产生各种副作用，因此您可能需要在使更改永久化之前测试任何此类更改。例如，mailman似乎根本不支持加密。
人 5 会议后：
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols (default: !SSLv2)
List of SSL/TLS protocols that the Postfix SMTP client will use with mandatory TLS encryption. In main.cf the values are separated by whitespace, commas or colons. In the policy table "protocols" attribute (see smtp_tls_policy_maps) the only valid
separator is colon. An empty value means allow all protocols. The valid protocol names, (see \fBfBSSL_get_version(3)), are "SSLv2", "SSLv3" and "TLSv1".
Note: As of OpenSSL 1.0.1 two new protocols are defined, "TLSv1.1" and "TLSv1.2". If an older Postfix version is linked against OpenSSL 1.0.1 or later, these, or any other new protocol versions, are unconditionally enabled.
With Postfix >= 2.5 the parameter syntax is expanded to support protocol exclusions. One can now explicitly exclude SSLv2 by setting "smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2". To exclude both SSLv2 and SSLv3 set "smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,
!SSLv3". Listing the protocols to include, rather than protocols to exclude, is supported, but not recommended. The exclusion form more closely matches the behaviour when the OpenSSL library is newer than Postfix.
Since SSL version 2 has known protocol weaknesses and is now deprecated, the default setting excludes "SSLv2". This means that by default, SSL version 2 will not be used at the "encrypt" security level and higher.
See the documentation of the smtp_tls_policy_maps parameter and TLS_README for more information about security levels.
Example:
# Preferred form with Postfix >= 2.5:
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
# Alternative form.
smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = TLSv1
This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.
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