mer*_*jet 14 linux kernel systemd
我有一个运行 CentOS 7 的 Web 服务器，经过几周的正常运行时间，systemd 进程在该服务器上使用了近 4 GB 的 RAM。RAM 使用量以每天约 200MB 的速度稳步增长。该进程以及 systemd-logind 和 dbus-daemon 等相关进程在大部分时间也使用相当大的 CPU 块。我的另一个使用“init”而不是 systemd 的 CentOS 6 服务器没有这样的资源使用。
在下面的顶部示例中，在没有其他进程运行的正常 Web 服务期间，systemd、systemd-logind、systemd-journal 和 dbus-daemon 总共使用了 10.7% 的四核 CPU，而 systemd 消耗了 19%系统的 16GB 内存。这不是正常行为，经过四处搜索后，我没有发现其他人有此问题。什么可能导致这种资源占用？任何建议，将不胜感激。
在空闲期间从顶部输出（Web 服务除外）：
top - 08:51:31 up 16 days, 13:43, 2 users, load average: 1.84, 1.39, 1.07
Tasks: 297 total, 2 running, 295 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 5.6 us, 3.6 sy, 0.0 ni, 90.6 id, 0.1 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 16212992 total, 2466564 free, 4275764 used, 9470664 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 4194300 total, 4070740 free, 123560 used. 10707392 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
743 dbus 20 0 27104 1856 1152 S 3.3 0.0 304:27.19 dbus-daemon
1 root 20 0 3247784 2.920g 1800 S 3.0 18.9 287:41.35 systemd
737 root 20 0 27416 2524 1304 S 2.7 0.0 225:32.66 systemd-logind
736 root 20 0 434760 3756 3076 S 2.0 0.0 172:26.53 NetworkManager
548 root 20 0 82276 34652 34516 S 1.7 0.2 160:20.16 systemd-journal
770 polkitd 20 0 522920 2956 2248 S 1.7 0.0 120:06.11 polkitd
716 root 16 -4 116744 1368 1312 S 1.3 0.0 93:26.54 auditd
3778 nginx 20 0 446488 14688 6564 S 1.3 0.1 2:18.80 php-fpm
3847 nginx 20 0 446316 14588 6548 S 1.3 0.1 2:19.29 php-fpm
7000 nginx 20 0 446132 14400 6544 S 1.3 0.1 1:22.77 php-fpm
14862 nginx 20 0 446304 14600 6580 S 1.3 0.1 1:32.25 php-fpm
30333 nginx 20 0 446292 14468 6528 S 1.3 0.1 1:40.78 php-fpm
740 root 20 0 784980 20112 19696 S 1.0 0.1 76:12.69 rsyslogd
3521 nginx 20 0 446188 14848 6748 S 1.0 0.1 2:20.00 php-fpm
3687 nginx 20 0 446036 14688 6764 S 1.0 0.1 2:20.45 php-fpm
3689 nginx 20 0 446408 14604 6552 S 1.0 0.1 2:19.75 php-fpm
3774 nginx 20 0 446288 14568 6552 S 1.0 0.1 2:19.68 php-fpm
3836 nginx 20 0 447416 15572 6564 S 1.0 0.1 2:21.06 php-fpm
4861 nginx 20 0 446260 14576 6540 S 1.0 0.1 2:18.94 php-fpm
4862 nginx 20 0 446508 15084 6764 S 1.0 0.1 2:20.71 php-fpm
13538 nginx 20 0 447204 15452 6572 S 1.0 0.1 1:32.33 php-fpm
15530 nginx 20 0 446292 14520 6528 S 1.0 0.1 1:32.55 php-fpm
28468 nginx 20 0 446356 14672 6568 S 1.0 0.1 1:42.21 php-fpm
29564 nginx 20 0 446292 14536 6548 S 1.0 0.1 1:41.11 php-fpm
30851 nginx 20 0 445956 14568 6748 S 1.0 0.1 1:49.66 php-fpm
我可能在“sudo journalctl”的输出中发现了一些相关的东西（见下文）。关于来自我的其他生产服务器之一的 SSH 连接，每隔几个小时就会发生许多行。这些是将文件从远程服务器传输到相关服务器的 rsync 进程。这证明了 systemd、systemd-logind、NetworkManager 和 systemd-journal 的 CPU 使用情况。
但是，这并不能解释内存泄漏，这是最大的问题。自从几天前最初写这篇文章以来，systemd 的系统内存使用率从 18.9% 增加到 21.4%。
下面的日志已被修改以替换服务器的真实域名和IP地址。
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467482 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467482 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467482 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com sshd[9665]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com sshd[9667]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com sshd[9665]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:13 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467482.
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com sshd[9728]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45289 ssh2: RSA 0b:
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467483 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467483 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467483 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com sshd[9728]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com sshd[9735]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com sshd[9728]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:14 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467483.
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com sshd[9876]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45290 ssh2: RSA 0b:
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467484 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467484 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467484 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com sshd[9876]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com sshd[9883]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com sshd[9876]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:15 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467484.
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com sshd[10333]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45291 ssh2: RSA 0b
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467485 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467485 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467485 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com sshd[10333]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com sshd[10342]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com sshd[10333]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:20 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467485.
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com sshd[10450]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45292 ssh2: RSA 0b
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467486 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467486 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467486 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com sshd[10450]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com sshd[10457]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com sshd[10450]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:21 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467486.
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com sshd[10473]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45293 ssh2: RSA 0b
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467487 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467487 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467487 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com sshd[10473]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com sshd[10475]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com sshd[10473]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:22 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467487.
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com sshd[10484]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45294 ssh2: RSA 0b
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467488 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467488 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467488 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com sshd[10484]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com sshd[10486]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com sshd[10484]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:23 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467488.
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com sshd[10654]: Accepted publickey for tropicg9 from 1.2.3.4 port 45295 ssh2: RSA 0b
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Started Session 6467489 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: New session 6467489 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting Session 6467489 of user tropicg9.
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com sshd[10654]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tropicg9 by (uid=0)
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com sshd[10656]: Received disconnect from 1.2.3.4: 11: disconnected by user
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com sshd[10654]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tropicg9
Feb 14 10:02:39 hostname.domain.com systemd-logind[737]: Removed session 6467489.session 6467489.
这是 systemd-cgtop 的输出，显示了活动控制组的资源使用情况（向右滚动）。这显示了“根”路径下的所有大量资源使用情况。这似乎并没有缩小范围，但也许这些信息可能会有所帮助。
/run/systemd/system/ 下只有 86 个范围文件和相关目录，最多 6 天。存在一个问题，即这些文件在 SSH 连接期间被孤立，导致数千个条目和高 CPU 负载，但这里没有发生这种情况。
Path Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s
/ 296 30.5 11.3G 657.8K 893.0K
/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/auditd.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/crond.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/dbus.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/lvm2-lvmetad.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/mariadb.service 2 - - - -
/system.slice/nginx.service 10 - - - -
/system.slice/php-fpm.service 101 - - - -
/system.slice/polkit.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/postfix.service 3 - - - -
/system.slice/rsyslog.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/smartd.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/sshd.service 2 - - - -
/system.slice/system-getty.slice/getty@tty1.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/systemd-journald.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/systemd-logind.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/systemd-udevd.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/tuned.service 1 - - - -
/system.slice/wpa_supplicant.service 1 - - - -
/user.slice/user-1000.slice/session-7170741.scope 4 - - - -
似乎运行systemctl daemon-reexec将释放分配给 PID 1 进程的所有内存。然而，泄漏仍在继续。这个问题的权宜之计是设置一个每日 cron 来清除内存，但它并不能修复泄漏。我已经向Redhat提交了一个错误，因为这是 CentOS 7.x 的 systemd 稳定版本。希望能找到泄漏点并堵上。
检查 systemd 进程的 mmap/mmunmap 调用跟踪。它应该揭示问题：
百胜安装 strace strace-ff-p 1
这是诊断内存泄漏的一种快速但肮脏的方法。systemd 进程的 Strace 看起来应该类似：
recvmsg(23, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"WATCHDOG=1", 4096}], msg_controllen=32, {cmsg_len=28, cmsg_level=SOL_SOCKET, cmsg_type=SCM_CREDENTIALS{pid=620, uid=0，gid=0}}，msg_flags=MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC}，MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) = 10
打开（“/ proc / 620 / cgroup”，O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC）= 20
fstat(20, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fcfd734e000
读取（20，“10：cpuset：/ \ n9：perf_event：/ \ n8：拥抱”...，1024）= 164
关闭(20) = 0
munmap(0x7fcfd734e000, 4096) = 0
它分配内存，执行某些操作，然后释放内存。
检查 systemd 的系统调用跟踪，您应该发现它无法完成调用并释放分配的内存的地方。
我认为未正确安装的伪文件系统或 selinux 存在问题，因此 systemd 无法完成其调用。
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