在 SQL Server 上导入包含 25000 个表的 bacpac 文件失败并超时

Question

我想导入一个从 500MB 数据库导出的 bacpac 文件，但该数据库包含大约 25000 个表。bacpac 本身约为 18MB。

通过 SQL Server Management Studio 的 UI 导入失败并出现 OutOfMemoryException，因此我将按以下方式使用 SqlPackage.exe：

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\DAC\bin\SqlPackage.exe" /Action:Import /SourceFile:"path\to\MyDB.bacpac" /TargetConnectionString:"Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=MyDB;Integrated Security=True;"

我成功使用此命令对数据库的先前版本（较小，表较少）进行导入，但现在失败并显示以下输出。我可以在这里做任何事吗？

Importing to database 'MyDB' on server 'localhost'.
Creating deployment plan
Initializing deployment
Verifying deployment plan
Analyzing deployment plan
Importing package schema and data into database
Updating database
An unexpected failure occurred: Data plan execution failed with message Unable t
o reconnect to database: Timeout expired.  The timeout period elapsed prior to c
ompletion of the operation or the server is not responding..

Unhandled Exception: Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.Data.DataException: Data plan execu
tion failed with message Unable to reconnect to database: Timeout expired.  The
timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not
 responding. ---> Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.SchemaModel.SqlReverseEngineer
Exception: Unable to reconnect to database: Timeout expired.  The timeout period
 elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. -
--> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Timeout expired.  The timeout period ela
psed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. --->
System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception: The wait operation timed out
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolea
n breakConnection, Action`1 wrapCloseInAction)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObj
ect stateObj, Boolean callerHasConnectionLock, Boolean asyncClose)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.TryRun(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand
 cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler,
TdsParserStateObject stateObj, Boolean& dataReady)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.TryConsumeMetaData()
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.get_MetaData()
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.FinishExecuteReader(SqlDataReader ds, Run
Behavior runBehavior, String resetOptionsString)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReaderTds(CommandBehavior cmdBe
havior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, Boolean async, Int32 time
out, Task& task, Boolean asyncWrite, SqlDataReader ds, Boolean describeParameter
EncryptionRequest)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehav
ior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method, TaskCompletio
nSource`1 completion, Int32 timeout, Task& task, Boolean asyncWrite)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehav
ior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior, S
tring method)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteReader()
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.SchemaModel.SqlReverseEngineerImpl.Execute
Populators(Tuple`2 connectionTuple, IList`1 populators, Int32 totalPopulatorsCou
nt, Int32 startIndex, Boolean progressAlreadyUpdated, ReverseEngineerOption opti
on, SqlReverseEngineerRequest request)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.SchemaModel.SqlReverseEngineerImpl.Execute
PopulatorsInPass(SqlReverseEngineerConnectionContext context, ReverseEngineerOpt
ion option, SqlReverseEngineerRequest request, Int32 totalCount, Tuple`2[] popul
atorsArray)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.SchemaModel.SqlReverseEngineerImpl.Populat
eBatch(SqlReverseEngineerConnectionContext context, SqlSchemaModel model, Revers
eEngineerOption option, ErrorManager errorManager, SqlReverseEngineerRequest req
uest, SqlImportScope importScope)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.SchemaModel.SqlReverseEngineer.PopulateEle
ments(SqlReverseEngineerConnectionContext context, DataSchemaModel model, Revers
eEngineerOption option, ErrorManager errorManager, SqlImportScope importScope, S
qlReverseEngineerRequest[] requests)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Deployment.Steps.DacBulkCopyStep.GetImport
TableMetadata(ICollection`1 tables)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Deployment.Steps.DacBulkCopyStep.Execute(I
DbConnection conn, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Deployment.SqlPlanDeployment.Execute(Deplo
ymentPlanHandle plan, String connectionString, String targetDatabaseName, Boolea
n IsAzureTarget, String databaseScriptPath, String masterScriptPath, Cancellatio
nToken cancelToken)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.Deployment.PlanExecutor.Execute(DeploymentPlan pla
n, SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionString, Boolean isAzureTarget, LoggingCo
ntext loggingContext, CancellationToken cancelToken)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.Deployment.PlanExecutor.Execute(DeploymentPlan pla
n, SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionString, Boolean isAzureTarget, LoggingCo
ntext loggingContext, CancellationToken cancelToken)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DeployOperation.UpdateDatabaseData(LoggingContext
loggingContext, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DeployOperation.<>c__DisplayClass10.<>c__DisplayCl
ass12.<CreatePlanExecutionOperation>b__f()
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.Sql.Dac.OperationLogger.Capture(Action action)

   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DeployOperation.<>c__DisplayClass10.<CreatePlanExe
cutionOperation>b__e(Object operation, CancellationToken token)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.Operation.Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.IOperation.Run(O
perationContext context)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.ReportMessageOperation.Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.IOp
eration.Run(OperationContext context)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DeployOperation.Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.IOperation
.Run(OperationContext context)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.OperationExtension.Execute(IOperation operation, D
acLoggingContext loggingContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices.InternalDeploy(IPackageSource packageS
ource, Boolean isDacpac, String targetDatabaseName, DacDeployOptions options, Ca
ncellationToken cancellationToken, DacLoggingContext loggingContext)
   at Microsoft.SqlServer.Dac.DacServices.ImportBacpac(BacPackage package, Strin
g targetDatabaseName, DacImportOptions importOptions, Nullable`1 cancellationTok
en)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.CommandLineTool.Program.DoImportBacpacOperatio
n(CommandLineArguments parsedArgs)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.CommandLineTool.Program.PerformAction(CommandL
ineArguments parsedArgs)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.CommandLineTool.Program.Run(String[] args)
   at Microsoft.Data.Tools.Schema.CommandLineTool.Program.Main(String[] args)

Answer 1

事实证明，解决方案就像指定更大的超时时间一样简单。尽管哪个超时确实很重要（SqlPackage.exe 有多个超时开关，并且它既不是连接字符串中可指定的连接超时），但它是CommandTimeout. 即使 bacpac 包含大量表，以下修改后的命令也不会失败（请注意最后一个新添加的开关）：

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\DAC\bin\SqlPackage.exe" /Action:Import /SourceFile:"path\to\MyDB.bacpac" /TargetConnectionString:"Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=MyDB;Integrated Security=True;" /p:CommandTimeout="0"

“0”表示没有超时，因此仅适用于操作卡住或运行时间意外长且不存在危险的情况，例如像我一样在本地导入 bacpac 进行开发。