同一目录中的私钥和公钥导致 ssh 失败

Question

我在尝试使用 SSH 连接到远程服务器时遇到了这个非常奇怪的问题。

我是从命令行执行此操作的，私钥和公钥都位于我的当前目录中。它们分别命名为 id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pub。我已经通过指纹验证它们匹配公钥和私钥。

当我发出以下命令时：

ssh -vT -i ./id_rsa user@remotehost

我收到以下错误：权限被拒绝（公钥）。

但是，如果我将 id_rsa.pub 重命名为其他名称，则可以正常工作。什么可能导致这种情况？是否是远程服务器上的设置导致了这种情况？

当我在同一目录中有 id_rsa.pub 时 -vT 的输出是（并且失败）：

OpenSSH_6.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 50: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to remotehost port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file ./id_rsa type 1
debug1: identity file ./id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7
debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH_5*
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: RSA <removed>
debug1: Host remotehost is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:10
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: ./id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).

---

重命名 id_rsa.pub 时的调试输出是：

OpenSSH_6.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 01 Jul 2008
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 50: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to remotehost port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file ./id_rsa type -1
debug1: identity file ./id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_53p1     Debian-3ubuntu7
debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH_5*
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: RSA <removed>
debug1: Host remotehost is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:10
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: ./id_rsa
debug1: key_parse_private_pem: PEM_read_PrivateKey failed
debug1: read PEM private key done: type <unknown>
Enter passphrase for key './id_rsa':
debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to reoteserver:22).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8

Answer 1

我能够通过使用彼此不匹配的公钥和私钥来重现您的症状。即使两个密钥都被authorized_keys 允许，当公钥和私钥不匹配时登录也会失败。

据我所知，发生了以下情况。

1. 客户端通知私钥已加密
2. 客户端读取公钥文件
3. 客户端将此密钥提供给服务器
4. 服务器接受公钥
5. 客户端提示输入密码
6. 用户输入密码
7. 客户端使用不匹配的私钥继续身份验证

当您删除公钥时，客户端将要求输入密码，但不知道服务器是否会接受该密钥。这意味着您最终可能会被要求输入私钥的密码，却发现服务器无论如何都不会接受它。