如何修复硬盘驱动器错误？

Question

突然，我的硬盘不工作了。尽管启动，它给failed command: READ DMA和status: { DRDY }错误。所以，我用 live CD 启动系统并尝试挂载硬盘。它给出了以下错误。

内核日志

Jan 29 18:58:43 mint kernel: [  353.763226] usb 1-5: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895886] usb 1-5: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=2338
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895893] usb 1-5: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895899] usb 1-5: Product: USB to ATA/ATAPI bridge
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895903] usb 1-5: Manufacturer: JMicron
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.895907] usb 1-5: SerialNumber: 000000000000
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.896072] usb 1-5: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.896832] scsi5 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.897123] usb-storage: device found at 5
Jan 29 18:58:44 mint kernel: [  353.897127] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.887333] usb-storage: device scan complete
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.887831] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access     ST332041 8AS                   PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  358.889424] scsi 5:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.084346] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085076] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085082] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 28 00 00 00
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.085086] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:58:49 mint kernel: [  359.086570] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  359.086577]  sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 <
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246559] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246566] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246573] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246581] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246588] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 8f ba f0 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246604] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 42973936
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.246612] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 5371742
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375718] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375725] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375731] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375739] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375746] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 8f ba f0 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375762] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 42973936
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375769] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 5371742
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.375794]  > sda4
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483644] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483650] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483656] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483663] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483670] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 54 29 80 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483685] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 39070080
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.483691] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 4883760
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608301] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608306] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608312] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608319] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608326] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 02 54 29 80 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608341] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 39070080
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608347] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 4883760
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741338] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741345] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741352] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741359] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741367] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741382] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.741390] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.742223] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.742233] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874351] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874358] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874365] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874373] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874380] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874395] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.874403] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998881] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998888] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998895] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998903] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998910] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998925] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  383.998933] Buffer I/O error on device sda, logical block 0
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123538] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123544] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123550] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123557] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123564] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
Jan 29 18:59:14 mint kernel: [  384.123579] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0

有没有办法修复这些错误？

至少，如何从硬盘驱动器中恢复数据？因为，我在那个硬盘里有更重要的数据。

这些错误是什么意思？

Answer 1

查看您的问题历史记录（此处和此处），我确实想知道这是否是导致您出现问题6 个月的同一个驱动器...

如果是这种情况，那么您已经收到了足够多的警告和关于如何处理故障磁盘的好建议。至少，某种备份应该在计划中。

此时，专业的数据恢复服务可能是最好的选择。看起来这是一个缓慢的故障，所以可能是机械问题。一些数据恢复服务会更换驱动控制器、臂、轴承等，甚至将盘片转移到新的机制，以便尽最大努力从磁盘中恢复剩余数据。

得到一个估计。如果数据真的很有价值，你就可以给它定价。

Answer 2

像这样的错误：

Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608312] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jan 29 18:59:13 mint kernel: [  383.608319] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error

通常意味着您的驱动器已损坏，最快的解决方案是更换驱动器并从备份中恢复。

如果 Live CD 无法读取/挂载磁盘，则可能没有简单/快速的方法来恢复磁盘上的数据。所以没有备份你可能会被搞砸我很抱歉地说。

专业的数据恢复工具/服务可能会从磁盘上获取一些数据，但我要提醒您的是，恢复的数据通常不是有用的格式，并且需要花费更多时间仔细浏览才能从磁盘中找到您的实际关键文件，甚至在那里通常不保证您将恢复所需的数据 - 同样值得注意的是，您可能会通过这些过程进一步损坏您的磁盘，这可能会使恢复任何数据变得更加困难/不可能

规则 #1 - 总是有一定程度的备份（即使它只是关键文档的保管箱！）