如何使用 Ansible 处理 SSH 端口更改？

Question

我正在尝试使用 Ansible 来自动化新服务器实例的设置过程。其中一项设置任务更改了默认 SSH 端口，因此需要我更新主机列表。

如果无法与默认 SSH 端口建立连接，是否可以通过将 Ansible 回退到指定端口来自动执行此操作？

Answer 1

您可以在主机上尝试 local_action 以查看是否可以连接到相应的端口并注册成功的端口并将其设置为事实。您希望关闭收集事实，否则当安装模块尝试连接已重新配置的主机时，它会失败。一旦你完成了这个游戏，只需在下面添加其他人与 gather_facts 和所有其他人。

- name: determine ssh port
  hosts: all
  gather_facts: false
  vars:
    custom_ssh_port: 222
  tasks:
    - name: test default ssh port
      local_action: wait_for port=22 timeout=5 host={{inventory_hostname}}
      register: default_ssh
      ignore_errors: true
    - name: set ansible_ssh_port to default
      set_fact: ansible_ssh_port=22
      when: default_ssh.elapsed < 5
    - name: test ssh on high port
      local_action: wait_for port={{custom_ssh_port}} timeout=5 host={{inventory_hostname}}
      register: high_ssh
      when: default_ssh.elapsed >= 5
      ignore_errors: true
    - name: set ansible_ssh_port high
      set_fact: ansible_ssh_port={{custom_ssh_port}}
      when: default_ssh.elapsed >= 5 and high_ssh.elapsed < 5

有人向我指出，这将耗尽您使用它的剧本的时间。您还可以在 play 的 vars 部分设置 ansible_ssh_port，该部分应该只在具有重新配置的 ssh 端口的主机上运行。例如

- name: change ssh ports
  tasks:
    - name: edit sshd_config
      lineinfile ..
      notify: restart ssh
   handlers:
     - name: restart ssh
       service: sshd state=restarted
- name: continue setup
  vars:
    - ansible_ssh_port : 5422
  tasks:
    ...

Answer 2

@RichardSalts 感谢让我开始这个。我使用 nc 来检查应该快得多的端口。这是我的 bootstrap.xml：

使用 ansible 1.5 (devel 3b8fd62ff9) 测试最后更新 2014/01/28 20:26:03

---
# Be sure to set the following variables for all hosts:
# vars:
#   oldsshport: 22
#   sshport: 555
# Might fail without setting remote_tmp = /tmp/ansible/$USER in your ansible.cfg. Also fix for directly below.
# Once host is setup most of the checks are skipped and works very quickly.
# Also, be sure to set non-standard shells in a different playbook later. Stick with /bin/bash until you can run apt install.
# Assumes root user has sshkey setup already. Not sure how to utilize the --ask-pass option. For now, use ssh-copy-id prior to running playbook on new host for root user (if needed).

# Test new ssh port
- name: ssh test nc {{ sshport }}
  local_action: shell nc -z -w5 {{ inventory_hostname }} {{ sshport }}
  register: nc_ssh_port
  failed_when: nc_ssh_port.stdout.find('failed') != -1
  changed_when: nc_ssh_port.stdout == ""
  ignore_errors: yes

# Set port to new port if connection success
- name: set ansible_ssh_port
  set_fact: ansible_ssh_port={{ sshport }}
  when: nc_ssh_port|success

# Fail back to old port if new ssh port fails
- name: ssh test nc port {{ oldsshport }}
  local_action: shell nc -z -w5 {{ inventory_hostname }} {{ oldsshport }}
  register: nc_ssh_default
  changed_when: nc_ssh_default.stdout == ""
  ignore_errors: yes
  when: nc_ssh_port|changed

# Set ansible to old port since new failed
- name: set ansible_ssh_port to {{ oldsshport }}
  set_fact: ansible_ssh_port={{ oldsshport }}
  when: nc_ssh_default|success and nc_ssh_port|changed

# Check if root user can ssh
- name: find user
  local_action: shell ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=5 -p {{ ansible_ssh_port }} root@{{ inventory_hostname }} exit
  register: ssh_as_root
  failed_when: ssh_as_root.stdout.find('failed') != -1
  changed_when: ssh_as_root.stderr.find('Permission denied') == -1

# If root user success, set this up to change later
- name: first user
  set_fact: first_user={{ ansible_ssh_user }}
  when: ssh_as_root|changed

# Set ssh user to root
- name: root user
  set_fact: ansible_ssh_user=root
  when: ssh_as_root|changed

# ANSIBLE FIX: /tmp/ansible isn't world-writable for setting remote_tmp = /tmp/ansible/$USER in ansible.cfg
- name: /tmp/ansible/ directory exists with 0777 permission
  file: path=/tmp/ansible/ owner=root group=root mode=0777 recurse=no state=directory
  changed_when: False
  sudo: yes

# Setup user accounts
- include: users.yml

# Set ssh user back to default user (that was setup in users.yml)
- name: ansible_ssh_user back to default
  set_fact: ansible_ssh_user={{ first_user }}
  when: ssh_as_root|changed

# Reconfigure ssh with new port (also disables non-ssh key logins and disable root logins)
- name: sshd.conf
  template: src=sshd_config.j2 dest=/etc/ssh/sshd_config owner=root group=root mode=0644
  register: sshd_config
  sudo: yes

# Force changes immediately to ssh
- name: restart ssh
  service: name=ssh state=restarted
  when: sshd_config|changed
  sudo: yes

# Use updated ssh port
- name: set ansible_ssh_port
  set_fact: ansible_ssh_port={{ sshport }}
  when: nc_ssh_port|changed

Answer 3

由于您可能很早就部署了 ssh 配置，因此您确实应该保持简单。只需ansible_ssh_port使用目标配置您的清单，并-e在首次部署 ssh 配置时使用：

ansible-playbook bootstrap_ssh.yml -e 'ansible_ssh_port=22'

请注意，ansible_ssh_port在 2.0中已弃用（由 取代ansible_port）