Windows 如何以加密方式读取网站证书文件？

Question

我有一个由 CA 签名的 .crt 文件。我cat在文件中看到它是ascii 文本。然而，当我双击 Windows 中的 .crt 文件时，它会打开它并以某种方式显示其中的所有信息。Windows 是否会自动尝试所有已知的 CA 公钥，直到找到可以将该 .crt 文件转换为信息的公钥？如何手动解密证书以查看信息（最好在 linux 命令中，因为我更了解这些）？

Answer 1

根据 SSL 标准，您看到的 ASCII 字符是 ASCII 编码的证书。您可以使用多种工具来解码（而不是解密）证书；这是一个例子：

[me@anni tmp]$ cat /tmp/cert
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFNDCCBBygAwIBAgIDB9RMMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMDwxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
[many lines deleted to save space]
n0lvNATb6/RC7CmSMw5RelfVqm19YorWPeQ8c/a6uHSgYhLboPeNTA==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
[me@anni tmp]$ openssl x509 -text -noout -in /tmp/cert
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 513100 (0x7d44c)
    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
        Issuer: C=US, O=GeoTrust, Inc., CN=RapidSSL CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 16 06:07:05 2012 GMT
            Not After : Oct 16 09:42:56 2016 GMT
        Subject: serialNumber=5VXPb8ozky-0FKC/YsTB4dvcoUwVakXy, OU=GT42621204, OU=See www.rapidssl.com/resources/cps (c)12, OU=Domain Control Validated - RapidSSL(R), CN=www.teaparty.net
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
                Modulus:
                    00:aa:e2:fd:b3:a2:5c:fa:33:0b:fa:14:8a:3a:3d:
[...]
                    f8:01
                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:6B:69:3D:6A:18:42:4A:DD:8F:02:65:39:FD:35:24:86:78:91:16:30

            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
            X509v3 Extended Key Usage: 
                TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 
                DNS:www.teaparty.net, DNS:teaparty.net
            X509v3 CRL Distribution Points: 

                Full Name:
                  URI:http://rapidssl-crl.geotrust.com/crls/rapidssl.crl

            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                1A:6D:59:8A:CD:C0:FD:AC:3C:D0:AF:C0:99:48:F5:5C:B9:AD:A9:E3
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:FALSE
            Authority Information Access: 
                OCSP - URI:http://rapidssl-ocsp.geotrust.com
                CA Issuers - URI:http://rapidssl-aia.geotrust.com/rapidssl.crt

            X509v3 Certificate Policies: 
                Policy: 2.16.840.1.113733.1.7.54
                  CPS: http://www.geotrust.com/resources/cps

    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
         28:30:d9:19:a8:5e:8e:56:f6:98:1c:e0:be:b3:39:6e:6f:4c:
[...]
         a0:f7:8d:4c