使用tar备份整个centos时出错

Question

我正在尝试这个命令

tar cvpzf /TEMP_BACKUPS/backup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found  --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/TEMP_BACKUPS --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys / > /TEMP_BACKUPS/mylog.txt

我收到这个错误。我试过两次

tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: /dev/log: socket ignored
tar: Removing leading `/' from hard link targets
tar: /selinux/policy: Cannot open: Invalid argument
tar: /var/spool/postfix/public/flush: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/public/cleanup: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/public/showq: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/defer: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/virtual: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/proxywrite: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/verify: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/anvil: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/lmtp: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/bounce: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/relay: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/scache: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/retry: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/error: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/rewrite: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/tlsmgr: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/local: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/discard: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/trace: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/smtp: socket ignored
tar: /var/spool/postfix/private/proxymap: socket ignored
tar: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/www/html/run/wsgi.1458.0.1.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/www/html/run/wsgi.4861.1.1.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/www/html/run/wsgi.1178.0.1.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/www/html/run/wsgi.1179.0.1.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket: socket ignored
tar: /var/run/abrt/abrt.socket: socket ignored
tar: /var/run/rpcbind.sock: socket ignored
tar: /var/run/portreserve/socket: socket ignored
tar: /var/run/nscd/socket: socket ignored
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors

我需要做什么才能进行完整备份

Answer 1

事实是 tar 是成功的，但打印出警告，这些套接字文件被忽略

GNU tar 实际上提供了抑制警告的选项。您可以使用以下命令忽略“忽略套接字”错误，以避免运行可能需要很长时间才能完成的查找命令。

tar --warning='no-file-ignored' -cpzf  backup_name.tar.gz  /folder_to_backup

此链接有更多详细信息

Answer 2

请注意，您的tar命令已成功完成；它只是在抱怨套接字条目。Tiffany 建议采用一种机制来过滤掉那些特定的错误消息，尽管tar仍会以错误代码退出。

您还可以将套接字列表提供给tar's-X选项以将它们从备份中排除，例如：

# find / -type s -print > /tmp/sockets-to-exclude
# tar cvpzf /TEMP_BACKUPS/backup.tgz -X /tmp/sockets-to-exclude \
  --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found  --exclude=/tmp \
  --exclude=/TEMP_BACKUPS --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys / > /TEMP_BACKUPS/mylog.txt

这种技术的优点是它使tar的退出代码更有用（也就是说，您可以使用退出代码来决定备份是否成功完成）。

您还可以通过用--exclude单个-X（又名--exclude-from）替换其他选项并简单地将它们列在文件中来缩短命令行。

Answer 3

套接字是守护进程用来相互通信的零级文件。当守护进程启动和停止时，它们会根据需要创建和销毁。它们可以安全地被忽略。

你总是可以摆脱它们 tar <my_options> 2> >(grep -v 'socket ignored' >&2)