如何在 GNU/Linux 上设置域名？

Question

类似于可以以不同方式更改的主机名：

• 临时使用hostname命令
• 永久使用/etc/hostname（或/etc/sysconfig/network或者/etc/HOSTNAME，这些文件由init脚本使用）

我想更改我的域名。我可以使用该domainname命令，但是有没有办法让它在重新启动后永久生效？我认为它可以配置，/etc/resolv.conf但是这个文件通常是生成的，我不知道search和domain指令之间的区别。以及在什么时间将那里的信息传递给domainname程序以设置域名？

你对此有什么想法吗？

我希望在各个发行版之间大部分兼容。因此，如果有人对不同的发行版本有任何建议，我很乐意接受。

Answer 1

设置 FQDN

我正在使用 Debian 7，这对我有用；感谢费尔南多·里贝罗。

sudoedit /etc/hostname

server # here's where you put the server's host name

激活主机名

须藤主机名 -F /etc/hostname

添加域名和地址到服务器

sudoedit /etc/hosts

192.168.1.2   server.domain server

核实

> hostname --short
server

> hostname --domain
domain

> hostname --fqdn
server.domain

> hostname --ip-address
192.168.1.2

Answer 2

当你使用redhat-base系统时，linux使用/etc/sysconfig/network文件，你应该将变量设置HOSTNAME为FQDN，当你使用时FQDN，linux它本身决定了域名。

例如：

HOSTNAME=web.mydomain.com

但是当你使用debian-base系统时，你应该/etc/hostname用FQDN以下内容填充文件：

web.mydomain.com

注意：如果你想设置domain name一定要设置FQDN（完全限定域名）

设置后，会hostname -d显示domain name.

Answer 3

man hostname，从头到尾被引用

FILES
       /etc/hostname  Historically  this file was supposed to only contain the hostname and not the full canonical
       FQDN. Nowadays most software is able to cope with a full FQDN here. This file is read at boot time  by  the
       system initialization scripts to set the hostname.

       /etc/hosts Usually, this is where one sets the domain name by aliasing the host name to the FQDN.

…

   THE FQDN
       The  FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) of the system is the name that the resolver(3) returns for the host
       name, such as, ursula.example.com.  It is usually the hostname followed by the DNS domain  name  (the  part
       after the first dot).  You can check the FQDN using hostname --fqdn or the domain name using dnsdomainname.

       You cannot change the FQDN with hostname or dnsdomainname.

       The recommended method of setting the FQDN is to make the hostname be an alias for the fully qualified name
       using /etc/hosts, DNS, or NIS. For example, if the  hostname  was  "ursula",  one  might  have  a  line  in
       /etc/hosts which reads

              127.0.1.1    ursula.example.com ursula

       Technically: The FQDN is the name getaddrinfo(3) returns for the host name returned by gethostname(2).  The
       DNS domain name is the part after the first dot.

       Therefore it depends on the configuration of the resolver (usually in /etc/host.conf) how  you  can  change
       it.  Usually  the  hosts  file  is  parsed  before  DNS  or NIS, so it is most common to change the FQDN in
       /etc/hosts.

       If a machine has multiple network interfaces/addresses or is used in a  mobile  environment,  then  it  may
       either  have  multiple  FQDNs/domain  names or none at all. Therefore avoid using hostname --fqdn, hostname
       --domain and dnsdomainname.  hostname --ip-address is subject to the  same  limitations  so  it  should  be
       avoided as well.

我会说它确实彻底地描述了整个事情。