Debian 6.0 AD 集成

Question

尽管已经对此提出了多个问题，例如Windows AD 域上的 Linux我想知道如何使用开源或其他免费的商业使用工具将 Debian 6.0 Squeeze 与 AD 集成

编辑：只有通过 apt 提供（安全）更新的工具是可接受的。

到目前为止，我已经能够通过 kerberos获得实际的用户身份验证工作，例如日志显示用户名/密码检查成功，但用户无法登录，请参阅下面的日志摘录；

编辑：使用 pam 调试更新日志：

May 12 10:06:33 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:auth): pam_sm_authenticate: entry (0x0)
May 12 10:06:33 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:auth): (user test.linux) attempting authentication as test.linux@AD.DOMAIN
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:auth): user test.linux authenticated as test.linux@AD.DOMAIN
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:auth): pam_sm_authenticate: exit (success)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_unix(login:account): could not identify user (from getpwnam(test.linux))
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:account): pam_sm_acct_mgmt: entry (0x0)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:account): (user test.linux) retrieving principal from cache
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:account): pam_sm_acct_mgmt: exit (success)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_env(login:session): No such user!?
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_env(login:session): No such user!?
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:session): pam_sm_open_session: entry (0x0)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:session): (user test.linux) getpwnam failed for test.linux
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_krb5(login:session): pam_sm_open_session: exit (failure)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user test.linux by LOGIN(uid=0)
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: User not known to the underlying authentication module
May 12 10:06:36 debian-6-master login[10601]: PAM 1 more authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=/dev/tty3 ruser= rhost=

我的ldap.conf看起来像这样：

base dc=ad,dc=domain
uri ldap://10.10.10.10
ldap_version 3
binddn test.linux@ad.domain
bindpw password
scope sub
pam_password ad
nss_base_passwd dc=ad,dc=domain?sub
nss_base_shadow dc=ad,dc=domain?sub
nss_base_group dc=ad,dc=domain?sub? &(objectCategory=group)(gidnumber=*)
nss_map_objectclass posixAccount user
nss_map_objectclass shadowAccount user
nss_map_objectclass posixGroup group
nss_map_attribute gecos cn
nss_map_attribute homeDirectory unixHomeDirectory
nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member
pam_sasl_mech DIGEST-MD5

nsswitch.conf：

# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.

passwd:         compat
group:          compat
shadow:         compat

hosts:          files dns ldap
networks:       files ldap

protocols:      db files
services:       db files
ethers:         db files
rpc:            db files

netgroup:       nis ldap

passwd_compat: files ldap
group_compat: files ldap
shadow_compat: files ldap

全部/etc/pam.d由pam-auth-update，选择了所有三种（Kerberos、Unix 和 LDAP）身份验证方法创建。

我从抓包中可以确认LDAP搜索结果为正确的用户信息，与手动ldapsearch结果相同：

dn: CN=Linux\, test,OU=SpecialAccounts,OU=FI1-Helsinki,OU=EMEA,OU=_Managed Are
 as,DC=ad,DC=domain
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: domainanizationalPerson
objectClass: user
cn: Linux, test
sn: Linux
givenName: test
distinguishedName: CN=Linux\, test,OU=SpecialAccounts,OU=FI1-Helsinki,OU=EMEA,
 OU=_Managed Areas,DC=ad,DC=domain
instanceType: 4
whenCreated: 20110407131914.0Z
whenChanged: 20110511125854.0Z
displayName: Linux, test
uSNCreated: 4144737
uSNChanged: 4638378
name: Linux, test
objectGUID:: wwZt/MX/K0S36BL4bS2w+g==
userAccountControl: 66048
badPwdCount: 0
codePage: 0
countryCode: 0
badPasswordTime: 129489044965699903
lastLogoff: 0
lastLogon: 129495915807176914
pwdLastSet: 129466559550934238
primaryGroupID: 513
objectSid:: AQUAAAAAAAUVAAAAzXxBZqg31mUH5TsrkisAAA==
accountExpires: 9223372036854775807
logonCount: 35
sAMAccountName: test.linux
sAMAccountType: 805306368
userPrincipalName: test.linux@ad.domain
lockoutTime: 0
objectCategory: CN=Person,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=domain
dSCorePropagationData: 20110407131916.0Z
dSCorePropagationData: 16010101000000.0Z
lastLogonTimestamp: 129488989872488561
uid: test.linux
msSFU30Name: test.linux
msSFU30NisDomain: ad
uidNumber: 10002
gidNumber: 10000
unixHomeDirectory: /home/test.linux
loginShell: /bin/sh

# refldap://DomainDnsZones.ad.domain/DC=DomainDnsZones,DC=ad,DC=domain

# refldap://ForestDnsZones.ad.domain/DC=ForestDnsZones,DC=ad,DC=domain

# refldap://ad.domain/CN=Configuration,DC=ad,DC=domain

# pagedresultscookie=

1. 使用正确的用户名和密码，我会收到 MOTD 和一条消息 User not known to the underlying authentication module
2. 我得到了错误的用户名 Login incorrect
3. 使用正确的用户名，但错误的密码，我得到SASL/DIGEST-MD5 authentication started了Login incorrect

AD 运行 Windows 2k8(r2) 服务器，所有 debian 软件包都是您从 apt 获得的。

非常欢迎任何想法。

编辑 2：如下所示，我尝试了sssd类似的结果，现在密码被询问了两次，并且日志显示：

May 12 14:53:06 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_sss(login:auth): authentication failure; logname=LOGIN uid=0 euid=0 tty=/dev/tty3 ruser= rhost= user=test.linux
May 12 14:53:06 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_sss(login:auth): received for user test.linux: 10 (User not known to the underlying authentication module)
May 12 14:53:14 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_krb5(login:auth): user test.linux authenticated as test.linux@AD.DOMAIN
May 12 14:53:14 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_unix(login:account): could not identify user (from getpwnam(test.linux))
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_sss(login:account): Access denied for user test.linux: 10 (User not known to the underlying authentication module)
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_env(login:session): No such user!?
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_env(login:session): No such user!?
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_krb5(login:session): (user test.linux) getpwnam failed for test.linux
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user test.linux by LOGIN(uid=0)
May 12 14:53:15 debian-6-master login[11389]: User not known to the underlying authentication module

编辑 3：

如果我sssd在调试级别设置为 5 的情况下在前台运行，日志显示：

(Fri May 13 13:50:33 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_endpwent] (4): Terminating request info for all accounts
(Fri May 13 13:50:33 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_getpwnam] (4): Requesting info for [test.linux] from [<ALL>]
(Fri May 13 13:50:33 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_getpwnam] (2): No matching domain found for [test.linux], fail!
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_cmd_authenticate] (4): entering pam_cmd_authenticate
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): command: PAM_AUTHENTICATE
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): domain: (null)
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): user: test.linux
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): service: login
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): tty: /dev/tty3
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): ruser: (null)
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): rhost: (null)
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): authtok type: 1
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): authtok size: 8
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): newauthtok type: 0
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): newauthtok size: 0
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): priv: 1
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_print_data] (4): cli_pid: 12507
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_reply] (4): pam_reply get called.
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[pam]] [pam_reply] (4): blen: 8
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_endpwent] (4): Terminating request info for all accounts
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_getpwnam] (4): Requesting info for [test.linux] from [<ALL>]
(Fri May 13 13:50:34 2011) [sssd[nss]] [nss_cmd_getpwnam] (2): No matching domain found for [test.linux], fail!

Answer 1

我建议使用 sssd。这是一个标准包的Debian挤压，使生活很多更加容易。当您安装 sssd 时，它应该询问您应该使用哪种身份验证方法。在那里进行选择，nsswitch.conf 和 pam.d 脚本将自动更新。您需要掌握一些关于您的 AD 域的详细信息，但是无论如何您都应该知道它们（例如，使用哪个 DC 以及 kerberos 领域名称是什么等）。

相信我，我对此进行了大量研究（本网站上有关这方面的一些问题来自我），而 sssd 就是答案。它甚至适用于笔记本电脑，因为凭据已缓存，您可以确定缓存的特征。

这是我们的 sssd.conf 文件，其中有一些注释：

# SSSD configuration generated using /usr/lib/sssd/generate-config
[sssd]
config_file_version = 2
reconnection_retries = 3
sbus_timeout = 30
services = nss, pam
domains = your.domain

[nss]
filter_groups = root
filter_users = root
reconnection_retries = 3
debug_level = 8

[pam]
reconnection_retries = 3
debug_level = 8

[domain/<your.domain>]
; Using enumerate = true leads to high load and slow response
enumerate = false
cache_credentials = true
#entry_cache_timeout = 60

id_provider = ldap
auth_provider = krb5
chpass_provider = krb5
#access_provider = ldap

ldap_uri = ldap://you.domain.controller
ldap_search_base = CN=Users,DC=your,DC=domain
ldap_tls_reqcert = demand
ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
ldap_default_bind_dn = cn=LDAPsearch,CN=Users,dc=your,dc=domain
ldap_default_authtok_type = password
ldap_default_authtok = <password for LDAPsearch>
ldap_pwd_policy = none
ldap_user_object_class = user
ldap_group_object_class = group
ldap_user_home_directory = unixHomeDirectory

krb5_kdcip = your.domain.controller
krb5_realm = <kerberos realm name>
krb5_changepw_principle = kadmin/changepw
krb5_auth_timeout = 15

这是基于使用 Windows Server 2008 中的 UNIX 服务（现在是它的一个组成部分，曾经是 2k3 及更早版本中的加载项）。

与其他 LDAP 系统不同，AD 需要经过身份验证的会话才能检索任何数据。我们已经创建了一个名为 LDAPsearch 的特殊用户来简化此操作，但也可以使用实际的域用户来完成。

配置用户时，您必须设置他们的 UNIX 服务详细信息（主目录、用户 ID 和主要组成员资格），但这非常简单。

显然，您可以使用不同的搜索库，也可以添加过滤器以确保用户是特定组的成员等。只需阅读 sssd 的手册页。