大多数长时间运行的命令在 Amazon EC2 (Ubuntu 10.04) 上立即被杀死

Question

在终端中运行任何类型的长时间运行的命令时，程序会立即终止，终端会输出文本Killed.

任何指针？也许有一个日志文件，其中包含解释为什么命令被杀死的数据？

更新

这是其中的一个片段dmesg，希望应该阐明导致问题的原因。另一个可能有用的注意事项是这是一个 Amazon EC2 实例。

May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184209] Call Trace:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184218]  [<c01e49ea>] dump_header+0x7a/0xb0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184221]  [<c01e4a7c>] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x160
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184224]  [<c01e4fe9>] ? select_bad_process+0xa9/0xe0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184227]  [<c01e5071>] __out_of_memory+0x51/0xb0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184229]  [<c01e5128>] out_of_memory+0x58/0xd0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184232]  [<c01e7f16>] __alloc_pages_slowpath+0x416/0x4b0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184235]  [<c01e811f>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x16f/0x1c0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184238]  [<c01ea2ca>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xea/0x210
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184241]  [<c01ea416>] ra_submit+0x26/0x30
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184244]  [<c01e3aef>] filemap_fault+0x3cf/0x400
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184247]  [<c02329ad>] ? core_sys_select+0x19d/0x240
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184252]  [<c01fb65c>] __do_fault+0x4c/0x5e0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184254]  [<c01e4161>] ? generic_file_aio_write+0xa1/0xc0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184257]  [<c01fd60b>] handle_mm_fault+0x19b/0x510
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184262]  [<c05f80d6>] do_page_fault+0x146/0x440
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184265]  [<c0232c62>] ? sys_select+0x42/0xc0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184268]  [<c05f7f90>] ? do_page_fault+0x0/0x440
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184270]  [<c05f53c7>] error_code+0x73/0x78
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.184274]  [<c05f007b>] ? setup_local_APIC+0xce/0x33e
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272161]  [<c05f0000>] ? setup_local_APIC+0x53/0x33e
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272163] Mem-Info:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272164] DMA per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272166] CPU    0: hi:    0, btch:   1 usd:   0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272168] Normal per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272169] CPU    0: hi:  186, btch:  31 usd:  50
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272171] HighMem per-cpu:
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272172] CPU    0: hi:  186, btch:  31 usd:  30
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272176] active_anon:204223 inactive_anon:204177 isolated_anon:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272177]  active_file:47 inactive_file:141 isolated_file:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272178]  unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272179]  free:10375 slab_reclaimable:1650 slab_unreclaimable:1856
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272180]  mapped:2127 shmem:3918 pagetables:1812 bounce:0May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272186] DMA free:6744kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:300kB inactive_anon:308kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15812kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:4kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:8kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272190] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 702 1670 1670May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272197] Normal free:34256kB min:3352kB low:4188kB high:5028kB active_anon:317736kB inactive_anon:317308kB active_file:144kB inactive_file:16kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:719320kB mlocked:0kB dirty:4kB writeback:0kB mapped:32kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:6592kB slab_unreclaimable:7424kB kernel_stack:2592kB pagetables:7248kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:571 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272201] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 7747 7747May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272207] HighMem free:500kB min:512kB low:1668kB high:2824kB active_anon:498856kB inactive_anon:499092kB active_file:44kB inactive_file:548kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:991620kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:8472kB shmem:15672kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:430 all_unreclaimable? yes
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272211] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272215] DMA: 10*4kB 22*8kB 38*16kB 33*32kB 16*64kB 10*128kB 4*256kB 1*512kB 1*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 6744kBMay 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272223] Normal: 476*4kB 1396*8kB 676*16kB 206*32kB 23*64kB 2*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 1*2048kB 0*4096kB = 34256kBMay 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272231] HighMem: 1*4kB 2*8kB 28*16kB 1*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 500kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272238] 4108 total pagecache pages
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272240] 0 pages in swap cache
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272242] Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272243] Free swap  = 0kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.272244] Total swap = 0kB
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276842] 435199 pages RAM
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276845] 249858 pages HighMem
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276846] 8771 pages reserved
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276847] 23955 pages shared
May 14 20:29:15 ip-10-112-33-63 kernel: [11144050.276849] 405696 pages non-shared

Answer 1

通过查看dmesg命令的输出，您应该能够找出杀死您的进程的原因；或在日志文件/var/log/kern.log、/var/log/messages、 或/var/log/syslog。

有很多事情会导致进程被立即杀死：

• 如果它超过了您可以检查的各种内存或 CPU 使用类型的硬 ulimit ulimit -H -a
• 如果系统虚拟内存不足，进程可能会被内核 oom-killer 杀死以释放内存（在您的情况下，可能不是这样）
• 如果系统安装了 SELinux 和/或 PaX/grsecurity，则进程在尝试执行安全策略不允许的操作或尝试执行自我修改的代码时可能会被终止。

日志或 dmesg 应该告诉您为什么该进程被终止。

Answer 2

您在更新中发布的日志表明您的系统内存不足，并且正在调用OOM 杀手来终止进程，以便在“其他一切都失败”时保持可用内存。OOM 杀手的选择算法可能有利于您的“长时间运行”进程。有关选择算法的说明，请参阅链接页面。

显而易见的解决方案是增加内存，但由于某处内存泄漏，您可能会耗尽内存，如果是这种情况，添加更多内存可能只会延迟调用 OOM 杀手。使用您最喜欢的工具（top、ps 等）检查进程表中使用最多内存的进程，然后从那里开始。

Answer 3

正如其他人已经解释的那样，您的内存不足，因此内存不足杀手会被触发并杀死一些进程。

您可以执行以下任一操作来修复此问题：

a) 将您的 ec2 机器升级到更强大的机器，“小型实例”的内存 (1.7GB) 比“微型实例”(0.64GB) 多 2.5 倍，需要额外付费

b) 添加交换分区 - 添加额外的 EBS 驱动器、、、mkswap /dev/sdx成本swapon /dev/sdxEBS 存储和 IO 费用

c) 添加交换文件 - dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1M count=500、mkswap /swap、swapon /swap、 花费 IO 费用和根 EBS 上的可用空间

c) 应该足够了，但请记住，由于 cpu 限制，微实例不应该运行长时间运行的 cpu 密集型任务（仅允许短突发）。