/var/log/messages 中的 DHCP 请求过多：DHCPINFORM、DHCPACK 和 DHCPREQUEST 重复

Question

我有一个为多个子网运行 DHCP 的 CentOS 5 系统。在 /var/log/messages 中，我看到不断出现 DHCPINFORM、DHCPACK 和 DHCPREQUEST 消息。我不明白为什么这些请求在这里比在其他安装中更频繁。消息每隔几秒就会出现一次，导致日志文件非常大。

这里的大部分设备是无线手持设备（使用 Windows CE TCP 堆栈）。我很感激任何有关平息不断消息的见解。

/etc/dhcpd.conf

default-lease-time 28800;
authoritative;
allow bootp;
ddns-update-style none;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers  10.1.1.3;
option domain-name "xxxinc.com";
option tftp-server-name "10.1.1.3";
option ntp-servers 17.151.16.21;

subnet 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range dynamic-bootp 10.1.1.120 10.1.1.211;
        option tftp-server-name "10.1.1.3";
        next-server 10.1.1.3;
        filename "/dsl/pxelinux.0";
        option routers 10.1.1.1;
}

subnet 10.1.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range dynamic-bootp 10.1.2.130 10.1.2.199;
        option tftp-server-name "10.1.1.3";
        next-server 10.1.1.3;
        filename "/dsl/pxelinux.0";
        option routers 10.1.2.1;
}

/var/日志/消息

Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via 10.1.1.2
Apr  4 10:59:44 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.137 from 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.137 to 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.137 from 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.137 to 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.137 from 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.137 to 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.137 from 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.137 to 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.137 from 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.2
Apr  4 10:59:46 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.137 to 00:15:70:85:9b:ea via 10.1.1.2
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.193 via 10.1.2.1
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.193 (00:1a:4b:c0:e0:a4) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via 10.1.1.2
Apr  4 10:59:47 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.198 from 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.198 to 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.198 from 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.198 to 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via eth0
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.198 from 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.198 to 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.198 from 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.198 to 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.254
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.1.1.198 from 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.2
Apr  4 10:59:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.1.1.198 to 00:15:70:86:dc:b9 via 10.1.1.2

更新

我已经ip helper-address从一些 DHCP 服务器端路由器中删除了一些无关的条目。大部分流量已经消退，但是我仍然收到很多 DHCPINFORM、DHCPACK...

Oct 26 17:22:23 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.140 via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:23 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.140 (00:16:35:07:1e:2c) via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:27 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:27 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:27 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.140 via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:27 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.140 (00:16:35:07:1e:2c) via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:39 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.182 via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:39 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.182 (00:19:bb:d3:ec:f1) via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:43 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.182 via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:43 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.182 (00:19:bb:d3:ec:f1) via eth0
Oct 26 17:22:49 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.198 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:22:49 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.198 (00:1e:0b:79:e5:15) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:01 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.194 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:01 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.194 (00:1e:0b:7b:2d:d6) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:04 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:04 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:07 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.136 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:07 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.136 (00:16:35:07:1e:61) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:09 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.193 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:23:09 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.193 (00:1a:4b:c0:e0:a4) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:12 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.179 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:23:12 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.179 (00:19:bb:d3:f6:26) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:13 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.193 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:23:13 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.193 (00:1a:4b:c0:e0:a4) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:15 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.179 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:23:15 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.179 (00:19:bb:d3:f6:26) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:36 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.140 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:36 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.140 (00:16:35:07:1e:2c) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:37 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:37 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:40 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.140 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:40 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.140 (00:16:35:07:1e:2c) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:41 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.147 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:41 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.147 (00:19:bb:d3:bc:e8) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:50 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.2.198 via 10.1.2.1
Oct 26 17:23:50 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.2.198 (00:1e:0b:79:e5:15) via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:51 General dhcpd: DHCPINFORM from 10.1.1.182 via eth0
Oct 26 17:23:51 General dhcpd: DHCPACK to 10.1.1.182 (00:19:bb:d3:ec:f1) via eth0

Answer 1

看起来您的客户端连接到多个子网（或相互中继 dhcp 助手的路由器）。由于我不了解您的拓扑，因此我不能肯定地说。

需要检查的几件事：

1. 所有客户都会出现这种情况吗？或者只是那些位于特定网段的？
2. 这些客户端是否连接到多个子网？
3. 您是否确认您的子网之间没有桥接？

并且您应该查看您的每个客户端，也许使用 ethreal，并确定它们是否从多个路由器接收多个 DHCPACK（它们可能是）。

Answer 2

如果在 DHCPACK 响应中没有指定 WPAD 选项，一些客户端（特别是 Windows 7）会不断发送 DHCPINFORM 消息。

您可以通过将以下几行添加到您的配置中来为 ISC DHCP 修复此问题：

option wpad code 252 = text;

subnet xxx {
    option wpad "\n";
}

您可以通过将以下内容添加到 dnsmasq.conf 文件来为 dnsmasq 修复此问题：

dhcp-option=252,"\n"