使用 SQL 查找仅与特定列表中的值匹配的行

Question

我有一张这样的表：

  Id    Status
  --    -----------
  1     Closed
  1     In progress
  2     Rejected
  3     Cancelled
  4     Rejected
  4     Closed
  5     In progress

我想说明，有行Status的封闭，拒绝或取消。但是，我想排除具有不同状态值的 ID，即使它们也具有这三个中的任何一个。

所以，对于我的例子，我希望输出是这样的：

  Id    Status
  --    ---------
  2     Rejected
  3     Cancelled
  4     Rejected
  4     Closed

我的查询应该是什么样的？

Answer 1

一种方法是使用NOT EXISTS.

SELECT *
FROM   YourTable T1
WHERE  Status IN ( 'Closed', 'Rejected', 'Cancelled' )
       AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                       FROM   YourTable T2
                       WHERE  T2.Id = T1.Id
                              AND T2.Status NOT IN ( 'Closed', 'Rejected', 'Cancelled' )) ;

或者，如果您的 DBMS 支持窗口聚合，则另一种方法..

SELECT Id,
       Status
FROM   (SELECT *,
               COUNT(CASE WHEN Status NOT IN ('Closed','Rejected','Cancelled') 
                             THEN 1 END) 
                     OVER (PARTITION BY Id) C
        FROM   YourTable) D
WHERE  Status IN ( 'Closed', 'Rejected', 'Cancelled' )
       AND C = 0 ;

另一个选项使用EXCEPT：

SELECT * 
FROM YourTable 
WHERE Id IN 
      ( SELECT Id FROM YourTable 
        WHERE Status IN ( 'Closed', 'Rejected', 'Cancelled' ) 
      EXCEPT 
        SELECT Id FROM YourTable 
        WHERE Status NOT IN ( 'Closed', 'Rejected', 'Cancelled' )
      ) ;