扩展事件与 SQL 审计 - 性能影响

Question

我想在我的数据库上设置一个审计跟踪类型的系统来监视UPDATE/INSERT具有非常高活动的特定表上的语句。我面前有两个选择：使用 SQL Server 内置审计系统或使用扩展事件。

由于 SQL Server 审计在内部使用扩展事件，我认为当我直接使用审计而不是扩展事件时会产生某种开销。

有什么办法可以做一些测试来分析哪个系统对服务器的影响更大？如果我能知道创建任何 XE 会话时实际发生的情况，它将帮助我分析对服务器的影响。

由于开销，我们考虑了触发器并忽略了该选项。但这只是根据互联网上的信息决定的。

Answer 1

我创建了一个简单的测试平台来针对触发器和其他可能的选项来试用 SQL Server Audit。在我向表中插入 100 万行的测试中，基线​​、SQL 审计和触发器分别用了 52、67 和 159 秒：

现在这并不是特别科学，但确实可能为您提供一种比较方法的方法。看一下脚本，看看它是否对您有用：

USE master
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
GO

IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'testAuditDb' )
ALTER DATABASE testAuditDb SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'testAuditDb' )
DROP DATABASE testAuditDb
GO


CREATE DATABASE testAuditDb
ON PRIMARY
( NAME = N'testAuditDb', FILENAME = N's:\temp\testAuditDb.mdf', SIZE = 1GB, MAXSIZE = UNLIMITED, FILEGROWTH = 128MB )
LOG ON 
( NAME = N'testAuditDb_log', FILENAME = N's:\temp\testAuditDb_log.ldf', SIZE = 100MB, MAXSIZE = 2048GB, FILEGROWTH = 128MB )
GO

ALTER DATABASE testAuditDb SET RECOVERY SIMPLE
GO



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Setup START
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

USE testAuditDb
GO

CREATE SCHEMA auditSchema

-- Create a table
CREATE TABLE auditSchema.auditTable ( 
    rowId INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, 
    someData UNIQUEIDENTIFIER DEFAULT NEWID(), 
    dateAdded DATETIME DEFAULT GETDATE(), 
    addedBy VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT SUSER_NAME(), 
    ts ROWVERSION 
)
GO


-- Setup END
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Test 01 - Baseline START
-- Normal timing; no triggers or audits
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


-- Add a million rows to the table and time it.
DECLARE @i INT = 0, @startTime DATETIME2, @endTime DATETIME2

SET @startTime = SYSDATETIME()

WHILE @i < 1000000
BEGIN

    INSERT INTO auditSchema.auditTable DEFAULT VALUES

    SET @i += 1
END

SET @endTime = SYSDATETIME()

SELECT DATEDIFF( second, @startTime, @endTime ) AS baseline
GO


-- Cleanup
TRUNCATE TABLE auditSchema.auditTable 
GO

-- Test 01 - Baseline END
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Test 02 - SQL Audit START
-- Try SQL Audit
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Create server audit in master database
USE master
GO

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- The server audit is created with a WHERE clause that limits the server audit to only the auditTable table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE SERVER AUDIT auditTableAccess TO FILE ( FILEPATH = 'S:\SQLAudit\' ) WHERE object_name = 'auditTable';
GO
ALTER SERVER AUDIT auditTableAccess WITH ( STATE = ON );
GO

-- Create the database audit specification in the testAuditDb database 
USE testAuditDb;
GO

CREATE DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION [dbAudit1]
FOR SERVER AUDIT auditTableAccess
ADD ( 
    SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON SCHEMA::[auditSchema]
    BY [public]
    ) WITH ( STATE = ON );
GO


-- Add a million rows to the table and time it.
DECLARE @i INT = 0, @startTime DATETIME2, @endTime DATETIME2

SET @startTime = SYSDATETIME()

WHILE @i < 1000000
BEGIN

    INSERT INTO auditSchema.auditTable DEFAULT VALUES

    SET @i += 1
END

SET @endTime = SYSDATETIME()

SELECT DATEDIFF( second, @startTime, @endTime ) AS sqlAudit
GO


-- Cleanup
TRUNCATE TABLE auditSchema.auditTable
GO
ALTER DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION [dbAudit1] WITH ( STATE = Off );
DROP DATABASE AUDIT SPECIFICATION [dbAudit1]
GO

USE master
ALTER SERVER AUDIT auditTableAccess WITH ( STATE = OFF );

DROP SERVER AUDIT auditTableAccess
GO



/*
-- Inspect the audit output
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmp') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tmp

SELECT *
INTO #tmp
FROM fn_get_audit_file ( 'S:\SQLAudit\auditTableAccess_*.sqlaudit', DEFAULT, DEFAULT );
GO


SELECT statement, MIN(event_time), MAX(event_time), COUNT(*) AS records
FROM #tmp
GROUP BY statement
GO
*/

-- Test 02 - SQL Audit END
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Test 03 - Triggers START
-- Trial INSERT/UPDATE trigger with log table
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE testAuditDb
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.auditLog
    (
    auditLogLog     INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
    schemaName      SYSNAME NOT NULL,
    tableName       SYSNAME NOT NULL,
    dateAdded       DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT GETDATE(),
    addedBy         SYSNAME NOT NULL DEFAULT SUSER_NAME(),
    auditXML        XML
    )
GO


-- Generic audit trigger
CREATE TRIGGER trg_dbo__triggerTest ON auditSchema.auditTable
FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

AS

BEGIN

    IF @@rowcount = 0 RETURN

    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @action VARCHAR(10)

    IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM inserted )
    AND EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM deleted )
        SET @action = 'UPDATE'
    ELSE IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM inserted )
        SET @action = 'INSERT'
    ELSE IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM deleted )
        SET @action = 'DELETE'

    INSERT INTO dbo.auditLog ( schemaName, tableName, auditXML )
    SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME( parent_id ) schemaName, OBJECT_NAME( parent_id ) tableName,
        (
        SELECT
            @action "@action",
            ( SELECT 'inserted' source, * FROM inserted FOR XML RAW, TYPE ),
            ( SELECT 'deleted' source, * FROM deleted FOR XML RAW, TYPE )
        FOR XML PATH('mergeOutput'), TYPE
        ) x
    FROM sys.triggers
    WHERE OBJECT_ID = @@procid
      AND ( EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM inserted )
         OR EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM deleted )
          )

END
GO


-- Add a million rows to the table and time it.
DECLARE @i INT = 0, @startTime DATETIME2, @endTime DATETIME2

SET @startTime = SYSDATETIME()

WHILE @i < 1000000
BEGIN

    INSERT INTO auditSchema.auditTable DEFAULT VALUES

    SET @i += 1
END

SET @endTime = SYSDATETIME()

SELECT DATEDIFF( second, @startTime, @endTime ) AS triggers
GO

-- Cleanup
TRUNCATE TABLE auditSchema.auditTable
DROP TABLE dbo.auditLog
DROP TRIGGER auditSchema.trg_dbo__triggerTest
GO

-- Test 03 - Triggers END
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

虽然触发器选项在这里做得不太好，但我的触发器代码可以根据您想要捕获的内容进行简化，并且它确实允许您以相当可用的格式访问旧值和新值，而 SQL Audit 则不允许。我已将这种技术用于较低活动的配置表，并且效果非常好。根据您想要捕获的内容，您也可以考虑更改数据捕获。

让我知道你的试验进展如何。祝你好运。