如何找到没有对应索引的外键？

Question

我已经使用自定义应用程序安装了 Oracle 数据库 11g R2。在我的环境中，我们遇到了表锁定。我想检查我的数据库中是否有没有相应索引的外键。是否有任何查询或程序可以查找未编入索引的外键？

Answer 1

Oracle SQL Developer 附带了一个报告来查找这些未编入索引的列。

这是该报告背后的 SQL：

select a.owner            "Owner",
                                 a.table_name       "Table_Name",
                                 a.constraint_name  "Constraint_Name",
                                 a.columns          "Foreign_Key_Column_1",
                                 b.columns          "Foreign_Key_Column_2",
                                 a.owner             sdev_link_owner,
                                 a.table_name        sdev_link_name,
                                 'TABLE'             sdev_link_type
                            from 
                            ( select a.owner, substr(a.table_name,1,30) table_name, 
                                 substr(a.constraint_name,1,30) constraint_name, 
                                   max(decode(position, 1,     substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 2,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 3,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 4,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 5,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 6,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 7,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 8,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position, 9,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,10,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,11,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,12,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,13,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,14,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,15,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(position,16,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) columns
                                from sys.dba_cons_columns a,
                                     sys.dba_constraints b
                               where a.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
                                 and a.owner = b.owner
                                 and (:OWNER is null or instr(b.owner, upper(:OWNER))>0)
                                 and b.constraint_type = 'R'
                               group by a.owner, substr(a.table_name,1,30), substr(a.constraint_name,1,30) ) a, 
                            ( select table_owner, 
                                     substr(table_name,1,30) table_name, substr(index_name,1,30) index_name, 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 1,substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 2,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 3,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 4,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 5,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 6,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 7,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 8,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position, 9,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,10,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,11,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,12,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,13,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,14,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,15,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) || 
                                   max(decode(column_position,16,', '||substr(column_name,1,30),NULL)) columns
                                from sys.dba_ind_columns 
                               group by table_owner, substr(table_name,1,30), substr(index_name,1,30) ) b
                      where a.owner      = b.table_owner (+)
                        and a.table_name = b.table_name (+)
                        and substr(a.table_name,1,4) != 'BIN$'
                        and substr(a.table_name,1,3) != 'DR$'
                        and b.table_name is null
                        and b.columns (+) like a.columns || '%'
                      order by a.owner, a.table_name, a.constraint_name

Answer 2

数据库中不存在任何过程，但我们可以创建一个过程来列出所有未索引的外键约束。事实上，如果你用谷歌搜索一下，你会发现很多脚本。
好吧，我有以下查询来获取结果。

SQL> select uc.table_name, uc.constraint_name
from user_constraints uc
where uc.constraint_type='R'
and exists
(select ucc.position, ucc.column_name
from user_cons_columns ucc
where ucc.constraint_name=uc.constraint_name
minus
select uic.column_position as position, uic.column_name
from user_ind_columns uic
where uic.table_name=uc.table_name
); 

TABLE_NAME             CONSTRAINT_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
DEPARTMENTS            DEPT_MGR_FK
COUNTRIES              COUNTR_REG_FK
TB_COSTS               TB__COST_FK

SQL> 

（其中constraint_type='R'表示我们对引用（外键）感兴趣）。