用 NOT NULL 定义的 MySQL 列允许空值

Question

不久前我创建了一个表并开始向其中添加数据。最近我添加了一个新列 ( address)NOT NULL作为新列的一部分。旧行（添加前）仍然为空，这在定义中创建了警告。但是，仍然允许带有新列的新行插入空值。

新列的添加前空值是否是允许的来源？如果是这样，有没有办法告诉 MySQL 不允许它，即使它以前是这样？

mysql> show create table my_table\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: my_table
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `my_table` (
  `entry_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `address` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  `follow_up_to` int(11) default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`entry_id`),
  KEY `follow_up_to` (`follow_up_to`),
  CONSTRAINT `my_table_ibfk_1` 
     FOREIGN KEY (`follow_up_to`) 
     REFERENCES `my_table` (`entry_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=535 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

Answer 1

这是什么版本的mysql？

你在什么模式下运行？

SELECT @@GLOBAL.SQL_MODE, @@SESSION.SQL_MODE;

（这应该在您的应用程序的上下文中运行，以防万一它正在更改它）。

MySQL 记录如下：http : //dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-type-defaults.html

As of MySQL 5.0.2, if a column definition includes no explicit DEFAULT value, MySQL determines the default value as follows:

If the column can take NULL as a value, the column is defined with an explicit DEFAULT NULL clause. This is the same as before 5.0.2.

If the column cannot take NULL as the value, MySQL defines the column with no explicit DEFAULT clause. For data entry, if an INSERT or REPLACE statement includes no value for
the column, MySQL handles the column according to the SQL mode in effect at the time:

If strict SQL mode is not enabled, MySQL sets the column to the implicit default value for the column data type. 

我自己的测试未能复制您的问题

mysql> CREATE TABLE `my_table` (
    ->   `entry_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->   `address` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
    ->   `follow_up_to` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`entry_id`),
    ->   KEY `follow_up_to` (`follow_up_to`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=536 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.16 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (NULL, NULL, NULL);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column 'address' cannot be null
mysql> INSERT INTO my_table (follow_up_to) VALUES (NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)

mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                      |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1364 | Field 'address' doesn't have a default value |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table;
+----------+---------+--------------+
| entry_id | address | follow_up_to |
+----------+---------+--------------+
|      537 |         |         NULL |
+----------+---------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

旧数据具有空值这一事实无关紧要。Alter 表应该将​​空值“截断”为空字符串

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE my_table\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: my_table
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `my_table` (
  `entry_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `address` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  `follow_up_to` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`entry_id`),
  KEY `follow_up_to` (`follow_up_to`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=536 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE my_table MODIFY address VARCHAR(512) NULL DEFAULT NULL;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.76 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (NULL, NULL, NULL), (NULL, NULL, NULL);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table;
+----------+---------+--------------+
| entry_id | address | follow_up_to |
+----------+---------+--------------+
|      535 |         |         NULL |
|      536 | NULL    |         NULL |
|      537 | NULL    |         NULL |
+----------+---------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE my_table MODIFY address VARCHAR(512) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 3 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.83 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 2

mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                      |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'address' at row 2 |
| Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'address' at row 3 |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table;
+----------+---------+--------------+
| entry_id | address | follow_up_to |
+----------+---------+--------------+
|      535 |         |         NULL |
|      536 |         |         NULL |
|      537 |         |         NULL |
+----------+---------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (NULL, NULL, NULL), (NULL, NULL, NULL);
Query OK, 2 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 2

mysql> SELECT * FROM my_table;
+----------+---------+--------------+
| entry_id | address | follow_up_to |
+----------+---------+--------------+
|      535 |         |         NULL |
|      536 |         |         NULL |
|      537 |         |         NULL |
|      538 |         |         NULL |
|      539 |         |         NULL |
+----------+---------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.05 sec)