几个外键和级联删除SQL Server

Question

在 SQL Server 2014 中，我试图在 3 FK 上添加CASCADE DELETING（我想实际上将字段设置为 null，但相同）。如果我在一个关系中添加级联删除，它工作正常。如果我添加更多级联删除，则不起作用（检测到循环错误消息）。

在上图中，您可以看到用户表和任务表（西班牙语中的“Tareas”）。所以，我需要完成的是，当用户被删除时，我需要将 Tasks 中的标记字段设置为 NULL。

这在数据库中很常见，所以我认为有一种方法可以解决这个问题。

就我而言，我的大多数表都有一对字段，其中包含创建或修改记录的用户的 UserId。所以，我需要解决这个模式来将它应用到几个地方。

Answer 1

您可以创建触发器来更新相关表中的 UserID 列，例如：

USE Tempdb;

CREATE TABLE dbo.Users
(
    UserID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_Users
        PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
    , ApplicationID INT NOT NULL
    , Country VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
    , DefaultTenantID INT NOT NULL
);
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Tasks
(
    TaskID INT NOT NULL
    , TenantID INT NOT NULL
    , CreatedBy_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_CreatedBy
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
    , ModifiedBy_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_ModifiedBy
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
    , AssignedTo_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_AssignedTo
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
);
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.Users (UserID, ApplicationID, Country, DefaultTenantID)
VALUES (1, 1, 'CA', 1);

INSERT INTO dbo.Tasks (TaskID, TenantID, CreatedBy_UserID, ModifiedBy_UserID, AssignedTo_UserID)
VALUES (1, 1, 1, NULL, NULL);
GO

CREATE TRIGGER TG_Users_Trigger
ON dbo.Users
INSTEAD OF DELETE
AS
BEGIN
    UPDATE dbo.Tasks 
    SET CreatedBy_UserID = NULL 
    WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 
        FROM deleted d
        WHERE d.UserID = CreatedBy_UserID
        );
    UPDATE dbo.Tasks 
    SET ModifiedBy_UserID = NULL 
    WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 
        FROM deleted d
        WHERE d.UserID = ModifiedBy_UserID
        );
    UPDATE dbo.Tasks 
    SET AssignedTo_UserID = NULL 
    WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 
        FROM deleted d
        WHERE d.UserID = AssignedTo_UserID
        );
    DELETE
    FROM dbo.Users 
    WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT 1 
        FROM deleted d
        WHERE d.UserID = UserID
        );
END
GO

DELETE 
FROM dbo.Users;

SELECT *
FROM dbo.Users;
SELECT *
FROM dbo.Tasks;

/* - cleanup removed for safety
DROP TRIGGER TG_Users_Trigger;
DROP TABLE dbo.Tasks;
DROP TABLE dbo.Users;
*/

但是，我建议不要从用户表中删除行，而是建议更新位列以指示用户已被删除。这允许用户的历史记录，以及这些用户在 Tasks 表中采取的操作。例如：

CREATE TABLE dbo.Users
(
    UserID INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT PK_Users
        PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
    , ApplicationID INT NOT NULL
    , Country VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
    , DefaultTenantID INT NOT NULL
    , IsDeleted BIT NOT NULL /* Default this to false */
        CONSTRAINT DF_Users_IsDeleted DEFAULT ((0))
);

CREATE TABLE dbo.Tasks
(
    TaskID INT NOT NULL
    , TenantID INT NOT NULL
    , CreatedBy_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_CreatedBy
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
    , ModifiedBy_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_ModifiedBy
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
    , AssignedTo_UserID INT NULL
        CONSTRAINT FK_Tasks_AssignedTo
        FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES dbo.Users(UserID)
);

/* Note we are not specifying the state of the IsDeleted column here
    since it defaults to zero, which indicates they are active
*/
INSERT INTO dbo.Users (UserID, ApplicationID, Country, DefaultTenantID)
VALUES (1, 1, 'CA', 1);

INSERT INTO dbo.Tasks (TaskID, TenantID, CreatedBy_UserID, ModifiedBy_UserID, AssignedTo_UserID)
VALUES (1, 1, 1, NULL, NULL);

/*  This is how we "delete" a user */
UPDATE dbo.Users
SET IsDeleted = 1
WHERE UserID = 1;

/* Any queries that access the Tasks table now need to be cognizant
    of the state of the user (deleted or not)
*/
SELECT T.*
FROM dbo.Tasks T
    INNER JOIN dbo.Users U ON T.CreatedBy_UserID = U.UserID
WHERE U.IsDeleted = 0;