无法配置或启动 MySQL

Question

在全新的 Kubuntu 14.04 安装中，我运行了sudo aptitude install mysql-server-core-5.6. 由于某些 KDE 软件包依赖于mysql-server-core-5.5，安装无法完成，这些软件包将被替换。现在，当我运行时，sudo aptitude install mysql-server-5.5在指定密码后出现此错误：

Configuring mysql-server-5.5
Unable to set password for the MySQL "root" user
An error occurred while setting the password for the MySQL administrative user. This may have happened
because the account already has a password, or because of a communication problem with the MySQL server.
You should check the account's password after the package installation.
Please read the /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.5/README.Debian file for more information.

我实际上已经阅读过，/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.5/README.Debian但没有任何与我的情况相关的内容。MySQL 日志有助于：

$ tail /var/log/mysql/error.log 
140818 10:17:16 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
140818 10:17:16 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
140818 10:17:16  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140818 10:17:17 InnoDB: 5.5.38 started; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:17:17 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown option '--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp'
140818 10:17:17 [ERROR] Aborting

140818 10:17:17  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140818 10:17:18  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:17:18 [Note]

但是我找不到在哪个脚本--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp中设置了该选项。我试图在mysql不service避免该--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp选项的情况下启动，但它仍然无法启动：

$ ps aux | grep mysql
dotanco+ 25458  0.0  0.0  11748   928 pts/4    S+   10:30   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

$ sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 25470
140818 10:30:54 mysqld_safe Can't log to error log and syslog at the same time.  Remove all --log-error configuration options for --syslog to take effect.
140818 10:30:54 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
140818 10:30:54 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
140818 10:30:57 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

$ ps aux | grep mysql
dotanco+ 25810  0.0  0.0  11748   932 pts/4    S+   10:31   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

错误告诉我Remove all --log-error configuration options。因此/etc/mysql/my.cnf，我编辑并注释掉了以下行：

log-error  = /var/log/mysql/error.log

现在我没有错误但仍然无法登录：

$ sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 26558
140818 10:34:37 mysqld_safe Logging to syslog.
140818 10:34:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
140818 10:34:40 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

$ mysql -uroot
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

可能是什么问题？我应该如何进行？

编辑

现在我已经注释掉explicit-defaults-for-timestamp的行my.cnf。这是整个文件，减去标题注释：

$ cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf 

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice            = 0

[mysqld]
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
#explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

bind-address    = 127.0.0.1

#log-error      = /var/log/mysql/error.log

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

symbolic-links=0

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

这是我尝试运行 MySQL 时发生的情况：

$ sudo echo 1 >> /var/log/mysql/error.log

$ tail /var/log/mysql/error.log 
140818 10:31:49  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140818 10:31:50 InnoDB: 5.5.38 started; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown option '--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp'
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] Aborting

140818 10:31:50  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140818 10:31:51  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:51 [Note] 
140818 10:31:51 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
1

$ sudo service mysql start
start: Job failed to start

$ tail /var/log/mysql/error.log 
140818 10:31:49  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140818 10:31:50 InnoDB: 5.5.38 started; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown option '--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp'
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] Aborting

140818 10:31:50  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140818 10:31:51  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:51 [Note] 
140818 10:31:51 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
1

$ grep explicit_defaults_for_timestamp /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/init.d/mysql /etc/default/mysql
/etc/mysql/my.cnf:#explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
grep: /etc/default/mysql: No such file or directory

可以看出，日志中没有写入任何新内容，并且explicit_defaults_for_timestamp没有在任何地方设置该选项。

我能够重新安装，mysql-server-core-5.5但这并没有解决问题：

$ sudo aptitude reinstall mysql-server-core-5.5
The following packages will be REINSTALLED:
  mysql-server-core-5.5 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,213 kB of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
Get: 1 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main mysql-server-core-5.5 amd64 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 [3,213 kB]
Fetched 3,213 kB in 1s (3,163 kB/s)                
(Reading database ... 217167 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.5_5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) over (5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...
Replaced by files in installed package mysql-common (5.6.20-1ubuntu14.04) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1) ...

$ sudo service mysql status
mysql stop/waiting

$ sudo service mysql start
start: Job failed to start

$ tail /var/log/mysql/error.log 
140818 10:31:49  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140818 10:31:50 InnoDB: 5.5.38 started; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown option '--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp'
140818 10:31:50 [ERROR] Aborting

140818 10:31:50  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140818 10:31:51  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675
140818 10:31:51 [Note] 
140818 10:31:51 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
1

这1在日志的最后一行添加与较早echo，并表示没有新的加入到日志中。

Answer 1

您安装了mysql-server-core-5.6部分失败或部分安装的 。

该-explicit_defaults_for_timestamp只限于MySQL 5.6是。可能是部分安装mysql-server-core-5.6添加了这个选项。我现在建议您删除任何痕迹mysql-server-core-5.6并重新初始化数据目录。

1. 杀死任何正在运行的 mysqld 进程：

   ps aux | grep mysql
   kill pid
   

2. 卸载mysql-server-core-5.6软件包：

   apt-get remove mysql-server-core-5.6
   

   文件列表在这里

3. 重新初始化数据库目录：

   一种。 rm -Rf /var/lib/mysql/*

   B. mysql_install_db /var/lib/mysql

4. 注释掉里面的!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/选项my.cnf

杀死任何现有的 MySQL 进程，然后使用该skip-grant-tables选项启动 MySQL 。

A. 获取 mysqld 守护进程的确切路径：

which mysqld_safe

B. 在没有授权表的情况下运行 MySQL：

/mysqld_safe_directory/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
ex /bin/mysqld_safe

C. 确保 mysql 正在监听：

netstat -tlpn 

您应该会看到端口 3306。

D. 如果是这样，请登录 MySQL：

mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1

E. 设置新密码：

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEW-ROOT-PASSWORD") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit