UNION 很慢，但两个查询在单独的情况下都很快

Question

不知道还有什么办法可以解决这个问题。我有一个表，它有一个开始和一个停止列，我想返回它通过开始和停止连接的结果，我想清楚地区分两者。现在这两个查询分别快速运行：

SELECT
            UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CONVERT_TZ(start_dev, '+00:00', GetCarrierTimezone(a0.carrier_id))) AS alertStart,
            NULL AS alertStop,
            c0.name AS carrier_name,
            carrier_image,
            l0.Latitude,
            l0.Longitude
        FROM
            carriers AS c0
                INNER JOIN start_stop AS a0 ON a0.carrier_id = c0.id
                    INNER JOIN pcoarg AS l0 ON a0.startLogId = l0.id
        WHERE
                FIND_IN_SET(a0.carrier_id, '89467,1,64578,222625,45013') > 0
            AND
                start_dev > '2013-03-11 11:46:48'
            AND 
                start_dev = (SELECT MIN(start_dev) FROM start_stop AS a1 WHERE a0.carrier_id = a1.carrier_id AND DATE(a1.start_dev) = DATE(a0.start_dev))
        AND IsNotificationInSchedule(22, start_dev) > 0

所以这个需要 0.063。但是，如果我将它组合在一个 UNION 中（它是 UNION ALL 还是 DISTINCT 或 WHATEVER 都没有关系），它只需要大约 0.400 秒。

SELECT * FROM
(
    (
        SELECT
            UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CONVERT_TZ(start_dev, '+00:00', GetCarrierTimezone(a0.carrier_id))) AS alertStart,
            NULL AS alertStop,
            c0.name AS carrier_name,
            carrier_image,
            l0.Latitude,
            l0.Longitude
        FROM
            carriers AS c0
                INNER JOIN start_stop AS a0 ON a0.carrier_id = c0.id
                    INNER JOIN pcoarg AS l0 ON a0.startLogId = l0.id
        WHERE
                FIND_IN_SET(a0.carrier_id, '89467,1,64578,222625,45013') > 0
            AND
                start_dev > '2013-03-11 11:46:48'
            AND 
                start_dev = (SELECT MIN(start_dev) FROM start_stop AS a1 WHERE a0.carrier_id = a1.carrier_id AND DATE(a1.start_dev) = DATE(a0.start_dev))
            AND IsNotificationInSchedule(22, start_dev) > 0
    ) UNION ALL (
        SELECT
            NULL AS alertStart,
            UNIX_TIMESTAMP(CONVERT_TZ(stop_dev, '+00:00', GetCarrierTimezone(a0.carrier_id))) AS alertStop,
            c0.name AS carrier_name,
            carrier_image,
            l0.Latitude,
            l0.Longitude
        FROM
            start_stop AS a0
                INNER JOIN carriers AS c0 ON a0.carrier_id = c0.id
                    INNER JOIN pcoarg AS l0 ON a0.stopLogId = l0.id
        WHERE
                FIND_IN_SET(a0.carrier_id, '89467,1,64578,222625,45013') > 0
            AND
                stop_dev > '2013-03-11 11:46:48'
            AND 
                stop_dev = (SELECT MAX(stop_dev) FROM start_stop AS a1 WHERE a0.carrier_id = a1.carrier_id AND DATE(a1.stop_dev) = DATE(a0.stop_dev))
            AND IsNotificationInSchedule(22, start_dev) > 0
    )
) AS startStops
ORDER BY IF(alertStart IS NULL, alertStop, alertStart)

这是单个查询的解释：

1   PRIMARY c0  ALL PRIMARY             17  Using where
1   PRIMARY a0  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.c0.id   72  Using where
1   PRIMARY l0  ref id ASC  id ASC  4   test_backoffice.a0.startLogId   1   Using where
2   DEPENDENT SUBQUERY  a1  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.a0.carrier_id   72  Using where; Using index

这是 JOIN 的解释：

1   PRIMARY <derived2>  system                  0   const row not found
2   DERIVED c0  ALL PRIMARY             17  Using where
2   DERIVED a0  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.c0.id   72  Using where
2   DERIVED l0  ref id ASC  id ASC  4   test_backoffice.a0.startLogId   1   Using where
3   DEPENDENT SUBQUERY  a1  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.a0.carrier_id   72  Using where; Using index
4   UNION   c0  ALL PRIMARY             17  Using where
4   UNION   a0  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.c0.id   72  Using where
4   UNION   l0  ref id ASC  id ASC  4   test_backoffice.a0.stopLogId    1   Using where
5   DEPENDENT SUBQUERY  a1  ref PRIMARY,startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx,georefidx,startstop_carriers_startdev_idx    startstop_carriers_stopdev_idx  4   test_backoffice.a0.carrier_id   72  Using where; Using index
    UNION RESULT    <union2,4>  ALL                     

对此的帮助将不胜感激。:)

编辑：

我得到不一致的结果。例如，如果我删除 convert_tz 并尝试在联合之外获取时区，我会得到非常快的结果，但是如果我重命名结果，它会自动归结为相同的性能不佳的查询：

SELECT
    *,
    GetCarrierTimezone(carrier_id) timezone
FROM
(

这需要 0.374 秒

SELECT
    *,
    GetCarrierTimezone(carrier_id)
FROM
(

而这需要 0.078（主要是从数据库到我的机器的延迟）。

Answer 1

在一个非常非常相似的情况下，我从mysql的进程列表中注意到“复制到临时表”的非常糟糕的行为（复制什么？我不知道）。我认为 mysql 尝试了一种“最佳方法”来进行查询，但在本例中失败了，因此使用代码来“合并”2 个查询结果效果很好。