Oracle 11g 侦听器因 ORA-12514 和 ORA-12505 错误而失败

Question

我在我的开发机器上本地运行了一个 Oracle 11g 实例，并且可以通过 SqlPlus 直接连接到本地实例：

c:\>sqlplus ace

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Mar 11 11:50:20 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Beta

SQL> select count(*) from my_table ;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      5297

但我无法通过侦听器连接到它：

c:\>sqlplus -L "user/pw@(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE)))"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Mar 11 11:52:40 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect
descriptor


SP2-0751: Unable to connect to Oracle.  Exiting SQL*Plus

同样，如果我通过 SqlDeveloper 连接，我会收到一个错误（尽管如此ORA-12505, TNS:listener does not currently know of SID given in connect descriptor）。

直到今天，星期一早上，此实例一直稳定且工作正常一年或更长时间。我们的企业 IT 有时会在周末推出新政策和更新，所以我假设有些事情发生了变化，但我一直无法弄清楚是什么。

我已经多次重新启动服务和侦听器，侦听器日志没有提供任何线索。

听众似乎很好：

c:\>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Beta on 11-MAR-2013 11:55:33

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Beta
Start Date                11-MAR-2013 11:17:30
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 38 min. 3 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           XE
Listener Parameter File   C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File         C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\diag\tnslsnr\FBC305BB46560\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=machine.domain.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

端口 1521 似乎没问题：

c:\>netstat -an -O | find /i "1521"
  TCP    0.0.0.0:1521           0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING       4368
  TCP    169.243.90.109:55307   159.185.207.100:1521   ESTABLISHED     12416
  TCP    [::]:1521              [::]:0                 LISTENING       4368

（PID 4368 是 TNSLSNR.exe 进程。）

另外，我可以tnsping使用 XE 服务：

c:\>tnsping xe

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Beta on 11-MAR-2013 12:27:47

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = machine.domain.com)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE)))
OK (210 msec)

该listenerr.ora文件：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = machine.domain.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (XE)

此外，我不知道它是否相关，我似乎无法访问顶点https://127.0.0.1:8080/apex（即使它的权限看起来很好）。

那么我还应该去哪里寻找呢？

更新要求的信息：

SQL> show parameter service_names

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      XE
SQL> show parameter local_listener

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string

Update2：正如@miracle173 正确指出的那样，听众不好。使用更新的“local_listener”参数现在显示额外信息：

Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=machine.domain.com)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "xe" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

Answer 1

因此，感谢@YasirArsanukaev 付出的时间，我找到了一个有效的解决方案，但我无法真正解释。

想到这个LOCAL_LISTENER想法，我正在阅读另一个答案，它说：

数据库使用 LOCAL_LISTENER 参数来标识它应该注册的监听器。默认情况下为 null，根据文档，它相当于主机名：1521。

所以我试图 ping 我自己的主机名，但不能 - 它看起来像一些 IPv6 问题，接收到一个一般的失败消息。

所以我接受了那个答案的建议

SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))' scope=both;
SQL> alter system register;

现在它可以工作了，大概是因为它可以解析 localhost 引用，但它在解析实际主机名时失败了。