Nat*_*ter 5 mysql index mysql-5.5
我有这个查询（如下），当它应该使用created索引时它会一直命中表。我在这里遗漏了一些简单的东西吗？我怎样才能让它使用索引而不是表？
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.27-log |
+------------+
mysql> explain SELECT `Lead`.`subid` AS `subid` FROM `leads` AS `Lead` WHERE `Lead`.`is_live` = '1' AND `Lead`.`created` >= '2012-12-13 00:00:00' AND `Lead`.`created` <= '2012-12-13 23:59:59' AND NOT (`Lead`.`subid` IS NULL) GROUP BY `Lead`.`subid`;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | Lead | range | is_live,subid,created | created | 8 | NULL | 86390 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+---------+---------+------+-------+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
索引：
mysql> show indexes from leads;
+-------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| leads | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | client_id | 1 | client_id | A | 559 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | is_live | 1 | is_live | A | 444 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | sold | 1 | sold | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | amount | 1 | amount | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | subid | 1 | subid | A | 587 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | client_url | 1 | client_url | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | originating_url | 1 | originating_url | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | ping_id | 1 | ping_id | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | network_id | 1 | network_id | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | group_id | 1 | group_id | A | 565 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | is_completed | 1 | is_completed | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | uid | 1 | uid | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | redirected | 1 | redirected | A | 19 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | created | 1 | created | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | first_name | 1 | first_name | A | 339353 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | last_name | 1 | last_name | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| leads | 1 | email | 1 | email | A | 2375473 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
19 rows in set (0.14 sec)
桌子：
CREATE TABLE `leads` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`client_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`group_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`client_ip` char(16) NOT NULL,
`loan_amount` char(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`gender` char(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`salutation` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`last_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`email` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`alternate_email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`date_of_birth` datetime NOT NULL,
`address1` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`address2` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`city` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`state` char(2) NOT NULL,
`zip` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`country_code` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`phone_home` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`phone_work` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`phone_work_extension` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`mobile` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`fax` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`is_military` char(1) NOT NULL,
`drivers_license_state` char(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`drivers_license_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`residence_type` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`own_home` char(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`months_at_address` char(5) NOT NULL,
`years_at_address` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`monthly_residence_cost` double(6,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`income_type` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`occupation` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`job_title` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`pay_per_period` double(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
`monthly_income` double(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
`pay_frequency` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`pay_day1` datetime NOT NULL,
`pay_day2` datetime NOT NULL,
`employer_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`employer_address` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`employer_city` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`employer_state` char(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`employer_zip` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`years_employed` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`months_employed` varchar(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`hire_date` datetime NOT NULL,
`subid` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`mother_maiden_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`ping_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`lead_mgmt` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'This field defines if we sent this lead to primelead or not\n not.',
`supervisor_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`supervisor_phone` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`supervisor_phone_ext` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`bank` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`bank_phone` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`months_at_bank` char(5) NOT NULL,
`bank_routing_number` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`bank_account_number` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`bank_account_type` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`direct_deposit` char(5) NOT NULL,
`referer_first_name1` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_last_name1` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_phone1` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_relation1` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_first_name2` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_last_name2` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_phone2` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_relation2` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_first_name3` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_last_name3` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_phone3` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`referer_relation3` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`contact_time` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`sms_optin` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
`credit_profile` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_balance1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_interest_rate1` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_rate_type1` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_balance2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_interest_rate2` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_rate_type2` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`monthly_debt` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_loan_type` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`mortgage_preferred_loan_type` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`property_type` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`existing_property_value` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`new_property_value` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`down_payment` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`property_found` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`pawn_transaction_type` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`pawn_has_item` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`pawn_will_sell` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`pawn_nplanet_id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`pawn_how_soon` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`bankruptcy` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`loan_purpose` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`contact_at_work` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`supplemental_income` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`lic_plate` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_make` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_miles` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_model` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_type` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_vin` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`auto_year` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`credit_check_auth` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`fico_score` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`co_signer_available` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`opt_in` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`forward_application` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`marital_status` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`sort_code` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`originating_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`client_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`is_live` char(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`sold` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`network_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
`raw_data` text,
`redirect_url` text,
`redirected` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`uid` varchar(55) NOT NULL,
`is_completed` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
`lead_response` text,
`r_response` text,
`resubmitted` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`user_agent` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`param_type` varchar(7) DEFAULT NULL,
`created` datetime NOT NULL,
`modified` datetime NOT NULL,
主键和索引：
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `id` (`id`) USING BTREE,
KEY `client_id` (`client_id`),
KEY `is_live` (`is_live`),
KEY `sold` (`sold`),
KEY `amount` (`amount`),
KEY `subid` (`subid`) USING BTREE,
KEY `client_url` (`client_url`),
KEY `originating_url` (`originating_url`),
KEY `ping_id` (`ping_id`),
KEY `network_id` (`network_id`),
KEY `group_id` (`group_id`),
KEY `is_completed` (`is_completed`),
KEY `uid` (`uid`),
KEY `redirected` (`redirected`),
KEY `created` (`created`),
KEY `first_name` (`first_name`),
KEY `last_name` (`last_name`),
KEY `email` (`email`),
KEY `subid_islive_created_ndx` (`subid`,`is_live`,`created`) USING BTREE,
KEY `islive_subid_created_ndx` (`is_live`,`subid`,`created`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB
AUTO_INCREMENT=2217258
DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
COMMENT='table to store leads'
您的查询必须使用表而不能单独使用索引，因为子句中有两列 (is_live和sub_id)WHERE不属于此 ( created) 索引。该sub_id列也包含在GROUP BY和SELECT列表中，那么表怎么可能不被使用呢？
我会尝试一个“覆盖”查询的索引，就像(is_live, created, subid)这样编写查询：
SELECT subid
FROM leads
WHERE is_live = 1
AND created >= '2012-12-13 00:00:00'
AND created <= '2012-12-13 23:59:59'
GROUP BY subid
HAVING subid IS NOT NULL ;
或者索引(is_live, subid, created)和查询写成：
SELECT subid
FROM
( SELECT subid
FROM leads
WHERE is_live = 1
GROUP BY is_live, subid
) AS d
WHERE subid IS NOT NULL
AND EXISTS
( SELECT *
FROM leads l
WHERE l.is_live = 1
AND l.subid = d.subid
AND l.created >= '2012-12-13 00:00:00'
AND l.created <= '2012-12-13 23:59:59'
) ;
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