查询以查找最近的较小日期

Question

我有一张价格表。每个费率都有一个有效的开始日期。（任何利率的结束日期都由具有较新的有效开始日期的记录的存在所暗示。）我还有一张包含活动的表格。每个活动发生在一个日期。

将活动与该日期有效的费率相匹配的最佳方法是什么？

（不幸的是，我没有修改数据结构的能力，因此为费率添加明确的结束日期已经过时了。）

rates:
StartDate Rate
9/1/2010    17.00
10/1/2010   18.70
11/1/2010   20.00

Activities:
WorkCenter  ActionDate Hours
WC1         9/30/2010   10
WC1         10/1/2010   5
WC2         10/30/2010  8
WC2         11/3/2010   9

Desired result:
Workcenter ActionDate   Hours   Rate    Cost(=rate*hours)
WC1         9/30/2010   10      17.00   170.00
WC1         10/1/2010   5       18.70    93.50
WC2         10/30/2010  8       18.70   149.60
WC2         11/3/2010   9       20.00   180.00

Answer 1

SELECT 
    a.WorkCenter
  , a.ActionDate
  , a.Hours
  , r.Rate
  , r.Rate * a.Hours  AS Cost
FROM 
    Activities AS a
  JOIN
    Rates AS r
      ON  r.StartDate = 
          ( SELECT MAX(StartDate)
             FROM Rates 
             WHERE StartDate <= a.ActionDate
          ) ;

或GROUP BY解决方案：

SELECT 
    a.WorkCenter
  , a.ActionDate
  , a.Hours
  , r.Rate
  , r.Rate * a.Hours  AS Cost
FROM 
    Activities AS a
  JOIN
    ( SELECT 
          a.ActionDate
        , MAX(r.StartDate) AS StartDate
      FROM 
          Activities AS a
        JOIN
          Rates AS r
            ON r.StartDate <= a.ActionDate
      GROUP BY a.ActionDate
    ) AS grp
      ON  grp.ActionDate = a.ActionDate
 JOIN
    Rates AS r
      ON  r.StartDate = grp.StartDate ;