MySQL中的好友关系

Question

MySQL中的好友关系

我正在 MySQL 中发展友谊关系，其中朋友关系是相互的。如果 A 是 B 的朋友，则 B 是 A 的朋友。如果其中一个用户结束友谊，则关系下降。我想知道哪种方式更好。

我有一个正在运行的系统；

user
-----------
userid p.k
name 

friends
-------
userid
friendid
primary key (`userid`,`friendid`),
key `friendid` (`friendid`)

1 2
2 5
1 3


To get all of my friends;
SELECT u.name, f.friendid , IF(f.userid = $userid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid 
FROM friends f 
    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = $userid, f.friendid, f.userid)) 
WHERE ( f.userid = '$userid' or f.friendid = '$userid' )

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此查询运行良好。也许我可以添加一个UNION. 查询比下面的更复杂，并且该表包含的记录数是下面的一半。

另一种方法是将关系保持在不同的行中；

1 2
2 1
2 5
5 2
1 3
3 1

SELECT u.name, f.friendid 
FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid ) 
WHERE f.userid = '$userid'

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这个查询很简单，尽管表占用了两倍的空间。

我关心的是；假设有数百万用户；哪种方式会更快？

两种方式的优缺点是什么？

对于这些方式，我应该记住什么或改变什么？两种方式我都会面临哪些问题？

Answer 1

Rol*_*DBA 4

首先引起我注意的是的索引设置friends。

你现在有这个：

friends
-------
userid
friendid
primary key (`userid`,`friendid`),
key `friendid` (`friendid`)

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当交叉检查相互友谊时，可能会产生一点费用，因为遍历索引时可能会从表中检索用户 ID friendid。也许您可以按如下方式建立索引：

friends
-------
userid
friendid
primary key (`userid`,`friendid`),
unique key `friendid` (`friendid`,`userid`)

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这可能消除任何访问表并仅搜索索引的需要。

现在，就查询而言，它们都可以通过新的唯一索引得到改进。创建唯一索引还消除了在表中插入(A,B)和的需要，因为无论如何，和都是索引。因此，第二个查询不必遍历该表来查看某人是否是其他人的朋友，因为另一个人发起了友谊。这样，即使友谊只被一个人破坏，也不会有单方面的孤儿友谊（这看起来很像现在的生活，不是吗？）(B,A)(A,B)(B,A)

您的第一个查询看起来会从唯一索引中受益更多。即使有数百万行，仅使用索引查找朋友也可以避免接触表。不过，由于您没有提供 UNION 查询，我想推荐一个 UNION 查询：

SET @givenuserid = ?;
SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
FROM 
(
    SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    UNION
    SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);

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这将让你看到谁是每个用户 ID 的朋友

要查看所有友谊，请运行以下命令：

SELECT A.userid,A.name,B.friendid,C.name
FROM user A
INNER JOIN friends B ON A.userid=B.userid
INNER JOIN user C on B.friendid=C.userid;

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首先，这是一些示例数据：

mysql> drop database if exists key_ilyuk;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create database key_ilyuk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use key_ilyuk
Database changed
mysql> create table user
    -> (
    ->     userid INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->     name varchar(20),
    ->     primary key(userid)
    -> ) ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into user (name) values
    -> ('rolando'),('pamela'),('dominique'),('carlik'),('diamond');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> create table friends
    -> (
    ->     userid INT NOT NULL,
    ->     friendid INT NOT NULL,
    ->     primary key (userid,friendid),
    ->     unique key (friendid,userid)
    -> ) ENGINE=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into friends values (1,2),(2,5),(1,3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from user;
+--------+-----------+
| userid | name      |
+--------+-----------+
|      1 | rolando   |
|      2 | pamela    |
|      3 | dominique |
|      4 | carlik    |
|      5 | diamond   |
+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from friends;
+--------+----------+
| userid | friendid |
+--------+----------+
|      1 |        2 |
|      1 |        3 |
|      2 |        5 |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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让我们看看所有的关系

mysql> SELECT A.userid,A.name,B.friendid,C.name
    -> FROM user A
    -> INNER JOIN friends B ON A.userid=B.userid
    -> INNER JOIN user C on B.friendid=C.userid
    -> ;
+--------+---------+----------+-----------+
| userid | name    | friendid | name      |
+--------+---------+----------+-----------+
|      1 | rolando |        2 | pamela    |
|      1 | rolando |        3 | dominique |
|      2 | pamela  |        5 | diamond   |
+--------+---------+----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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让我们查看所有 5 个用户 ID，看看关系是否正确显示

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    ->     SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    ->     UNION
    ->     SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
    -> ) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);
+---------------+
| Friend's Name |
+---------------+
| pamela        |
| dominique     |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    ->     SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    ->     UNION
    ->     SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
    -> ) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);
+---------------+
| Friend's Name |
+---------------+
| rolando       |
| diamond       |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    ->     SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    ->     UNION
    ->     SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
    -> ) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);
+---------------+
| Friend's Name |
+---------------+
| rolando       |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    ->     SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    ->     UNION
    ->     SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
    -> ) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT B.name "Friend's Name"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    ->     SELECT userid FROM friends WHERE friendid=@givenuserid
    ->     UNION
    ->     SELECT friendid FROM friends WHERE userid=@givenuserid
    -> ) A INNER JOIN user B USING (userid);
+---------------+
| Friend's Name |
+---------------+
| pamela        |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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在我看来它们都是正确的。

现在，让我们使用第二个查询来看看它是否匹配......

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+-----------+----------+
| name      | friendid |
+-----------+----------+
| pamela    |        2 |
| dominique |        3 |
+-----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+---------+----------+
| name    | friendid |
+---------+----------+
| diamond |        5 |
+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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为什么不匹配？那是因为我没有加载(B,A)for every (A,B). 让我加载(B,A)关系并再次尝试您的第二个查询。

mysql> insert into friends values (2,1),(5,2),(3,1);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+-----------+----------+
| name      | friendid |
+-----------+----------+
| pamela    |        2 |
| dominique |        3 |
+-----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+---------+----------+
| name    | friendid |
+---------+----------+
| rolando |        1 |
| diamond |        5 |
+---------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+---------+----------+
| name    | friendid |
+---------+----------+
| rolando |        1 |
+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid
    -> FROM friends f inner join user u ON ( u.userid = f.friendid )
    -> WHERE f.userid = @givenuserid;
+--------+----------+
| name   | friendid |
+--------+----------+
| pamela |        2 |
+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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他们还是不匹配。那是因为您的第二个查询仅检查一侧。

让我们检查您的第一个查询是否针对仅包含 (A,B) 而不是 (B,A) 的每个值：

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 1;
SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
FROM friends f
    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
    -> FROM friends f
    ->     inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
    -> WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
+-----------+--------+----------+
| name      | userid | friendid |
+-----------+--------+----------+
| pamela    |      2 |        2 |
| dominique |      3 |        3 |
+-----------+--------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 2;
FROM friends f
    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
    -> FROM friends f
    ->     inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
    -> WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
+---------+--------+----------+
| name    | userid | friendid |
+---------+--------+----------+
| rolando |      2 |        1 |
| diamond |      5 |        5 |
+---------+--------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 3;
SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
FROM friends f
    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
    -> FROM friends f
    ->     inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
    -> WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
+---------+--------+----------+
| name    | userid | friendid |
+---------+--------+----------+
| rolando |      3 |        1 |
+---------+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 4;
FROM friends f
    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
    -> FROM friends f
    ->     inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
    -> WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SET @givenuserid = 5;
FROM friends f
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
mysql> SELECT u.name, f.friendid userid, IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid) friendid
    -> FROM friends f
    ->     inner join user u  ON ( u.userid = IF(f.userid = @givenuserid, f.friendid, f.userid))
    -> WHERE ( f.userid = @givenuserid or f.friendid = @givenuserid  );
+--------+--------+----------+
| name   | userid | friendid |
+--------+--------+----------+
| pamela |      5 |        2 |
+--------+--------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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你的第一个效果很好。我确信它受益于我之前所说的唯一索引，但恕我直言，我认为 UNION 更简单。如果使用唯一索引，则在执行和输出方面，它似乎是其他索引的六分之一。

您必须根据我的建议 UNION 对您的第一个查询进行基准测试，然后查看。

你今天问的这个问题很好。对于你的问题+1。

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