提高 sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats 的性能

Question

提高 sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats 的性能

Rob*_*ird 14 performance index sql-server maintenance dmv query-performance

在维护工作期间，我试图获取碎片索引的列表。但查询速度极慢，执行时间超过 30 分钟。我认为这是由于对 sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats 的远程扫描。

有什么办法可以加快以下查询的速度：

SELECT
    OBJECT_NAME(i.OBJECT_ID) AS TableName,
    i.name AS TableIndexName
FROM
    sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, 'DETAILED') phystat 
    INNER JOIN sys.indexes i 
        ON i.OBJECT_ID = phystat.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = phystat.index_id 
WHERE 
    phystat.avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 20 
    AND OBJECT_NAME(i.OBJECT_ID) IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY phystat.avg_fragmentation_in_percent DESC

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我不是 DBA，可能在上面的查询中犯了一个明显的错误，或者可能有一些索引或统计信息会有所帮助？也许这只是数据库的大小（大约 20Gb，大约有 140 个表）。

我问的原因是我们只有一个非常小的夜间维护窗口，而这占用了大部分时间。

Answer 1

Rem*_*anu 20

'DETAILED'意味着对索引（或堆）中的每一页进行全面扫描。对每个表和每个二级索引执行此操作，结果意味着您正在执行完整的数据库扫描，端到端，而不是非常有效的扫描（即，速度不如备份读取它的速度快，例如）。时间由以下因素驱动：

你的数据库有多大
您的 IO 子系统读取整个数据库的速度有多快
竞争 IO 吞吐量的额外并发负载

基本上，如果您只有一根稻草（您的 IO 吞吐量），那么喝一桶水（您的数据库大小）需要 30 分钟。购买更快的 IO、减少数据大小或使用SAMPLED扫描。

话虽这么说...... 20Gb 相当小。30 分钟读取 20Gb 是很多时间。你的 IO 子系统这么慢吗？您是否部署在 7200 RPM 消费者 1TB 驱动器上？

Answer 2

Aar*_*and 13

除了@Remus 建议使用SAMPLED扫描之外，我不知道这个查询在您的维护窗口开始之前无法启动。为什么不用结果预先填充表格？如果您在维护时段前大约 15-20 分钟开始此查询（假设采样扫描需要 10 分钟），并将结果填充到表中，则数据将在维护时段开始后立即可供使用，并且在此期间，基础数据不会真正发生太大变化。如果您避免对原始查询进行排序和过滤，它也应该更快地完成，例如

CREATE TABLE dbo.IndexStats
(
  TableName SYSNAME,
  IndexName SYSNAME,
  Frag DECIMAL(5,2)
);
CREATE INDEX x ON dbo.IndexStats(Frag);

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然后在你的第一个夜间工作（在你的维护窗口之前开始）：

TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.IndexStats;

INSERT dbo.IndexStats
SELECT 
  OBJECT_NAME(i.[object_id]),
  i.name,
  s.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
FROM
  sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, 'SAMPLED') AS s 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i 
ON i.[object_id] = s.[object_id]
AND i.index_id = s.index_id;

DELETE dbo.IndexStats WHERE Frag < 20
  OR TableName IS NULL;

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现在，您的实际碎片整理脚本已经拥有立即处理所需的所有信息。（您甚至可以将作业链接在一起，或者强制上述内容使用WAITFOR TIME.等待您的维护窗口开始时间。）

您也可以考虑玩一下LIMITED，看看票价如何。

Answer 3

Mat*_*t M 5

免责声明：这些脚本已经在 SQL Server 2005/2008 上进行了测试。但是，此代码和信息按“原样”提供，不提供任何形式的明示或暗示保证，包括但不限于暗示保证或适销性和/或特定用途的适用性。与往常一样，在尝试部署到生产环境之前，请在您的测试环境中进行测试。现在，这已经不在路上了......

我在处理索引 DMV 时遇到的问题之一是它们无法关联。这意味着，您不能对它们使用 CROSS/OUTER APPLY，以限制您对哪些索引执行扫描。为了解决这个问题，我为物理和操作索引 DMV 部署了一个包装函数到我的主数据库：

身体的：

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[tfn_IndexPhysicalStats_select]
(
    @DatabaseID SMALLINT = 0,
    @ObjectID INT = 0,
    @IndexID INT = -1,
    @PartitionNumber INT = 0,
    @Mode NVARCHAR(20) = NULL
)
RETURNS @IndexPhysicalStats TABLE
(
    database_id SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    object_id INT NOT NULL,
    index_id INT NOT NULL,
    partition_number INT NOT NULL,
    index_type_desc NVARCHAR(60) NULL,
    alloc_unit_type_desc NVARCHAR(60) NULL,
    index_depth TINYINT NOT NULL,
    index_level TINYINT NOT NULL,
    avg_fragmentation_in_percent FLOAT NULL,
    fragment_count BIGINT NULL,
    avg_fragment_size_in_pages FLOAT NULL,
    page_count BIGINT NOT NULL,
    avg_page_space_used_in_percent FLOAT NULL,
    record_count BIGINT NULL,
    ghost_record_count BIGINT NULL,
    version_ghost_record_count BIGINT NULL,
    min_record_size_in_bytes INT NULL,
    max_record_size_in_bytes INT NULL,
    avg_record_size_in_bytes FLOAT NULL,
    forwarded_record_count BIGINT NULL
)
AS
BEGIN

    INSERT INTO @IndexPhysicalStats
    (
        database_id,
        object_id,
        index_id,
        partition_number,
        index_type_desc,
        alloc_unit_type_desc,
        index_depth,
        index_level,
        avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
        fragment_count,
        avg_fragment_size_in_pages,
        page_count,
        avg_page_space_used_in_percent,
        record_count,
        ghost_record_count,
        version_ghost_record_count,
        min_record_size_in_bytes,
        max_record_size_in_bytes,
        avg_record_size_in_bytes,
        forwarded_record_count
    )
    SELECT
        ddips.database_id,
        ddips.object_id,
        ddips.index_id,
        ddips.partition_number,
        ddips.index_type_desc,
        ddips.alloc_unit_type_desc,
        ddips.index_depth,
        ddips.index_level,
        ddips.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
        ddips.fragment_count,
        ddips.avg_fragment_size_in_pages,
        ddips.page_count,
        ddips.avg_page_space_used_in_percent,
        ddips.record_count,
        ddips.ghost_record_count,
        ddips.version_ghost_record_count,
        ddips.min_record_size_in_bytes,
        ddips.max_record_size_in_bytes,
        ddips.avg_record_size_in_bytes,
        ddips.forwarded_record_count
    FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats
    (
        @DatabaseID,
        @ObjectID,
        @IndexID,
        @PartitionNumber,
        @Mode
    ) AS ddips;

    RETURN;
END

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操作：

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[tfn_IndexOperationalStats_select]
(
    @DatabaseID SMALLINT = 0,
    @TableID INT = 0,
    @IndexID INT = -1,
    @PartitionNumber INT = 0
)
RETURNS @IndexOperationalStats TABLE
(
    database_id SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    object_id INT NOT NULL,
    index_id INT NOT NULL,
    partition_number INT NOT NULL,
    leaf_insert_count BIGINT NULL,
    leaf_delete_count BIGINT NULL,
    leaf_update_count BIGINT NULL,
    leaf_ghost_count BIGINT NULL,
    nonleaf_insert_count BIGINT NULL,
    nonleaf_delete_count BIGINT NULL,
    nonleaf_update_count BIGINT NULL,
    leaf_allocation_count BIGINT NULL,
    nonleaf_allocation_count BIGINT NULL,
    leaf_page_merge_count BIGINT NULL,
    nonleaf_page_merge_count BIGINT NULL,
    range_scan_count BIGINT NULL,
    singleton_lookup_count BIGINT NULL,
    forwarded_fetch_count BIGINT NULL,
    lob_fetch_in_pages BIGINT NULL,
    lob_fetch_in_bytes BIGINT NULL,
    lob_orphan_create_count BIGINT NULL,
    lob_orphan_insert_count BIGINT NULL,
    row_overflow_fetch_in_pages BIGINT NULL,
    row_overflow_fetch_in_bytes BIGINT NULL,
    column_value_push_off_row_count BIGINT NULL,
    column_value_pull_in_row_count BIGINT NULL,
    row_lock_count BIGINT NULL,
    row_lock_wait_count BIGINT NULL,
    row_lock_wait_in_ms BIGINT NULL,
    page_lock_count BIGINT NULL,
    page_lock_wait_count BIGINT NULL,
    page_lock_wait_in_ms BIGINT NULL,
    index_lock_promotion_attempt_count BIGINT NULL,
    index_lock_promotion_count BIGINT NULL,
    page_latch_wait_count BIGINT NULL,
    page_latch_wait_in_ms BIGINT NULL,
    page_io_latch_wait_count BIGINT NULL,
    page_io_latch_wait_in_ms BIGINT NULL
    PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
    (
        database_id ASC,
        object_id ASC,
        index_id ASC,
        partition_number ASC
    )
)
AS
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO @IndexOperationalStats
    (
        database_id,
        object_id,
        index_id,
        partition_number,
        leaf_insert_count,
        leaf_delete_count,
        leaf_update_count,
        leaf_ghost_count,
        nonleaf_insert_count,
        nonleaf_delete_count,
        nonleaf_update_count,
        leaf_allocation_count,
        nonleaf_allocation_count,
        leaf_page_merge_count,
        nonleaf_page_merge_count,
        range_scan_count,
        singleton_lookup_count,
        forwarded_fetch_count,
        lob_fetch_in_pages,
        lob_fetch_in_bytes,
        lob_orphan_create_count,
        lob_orphan_insert_count,
        row_overflow_fetch_in_pages,
        row_overflow_fetch_in_bytes,
        column_value_push_off_row_count,
        column_value_pull_in_row_count,
        row_lock_count,
        row_lock_wait_count,
        row_lock_wait_in_ms,
        page_lock_count,
        page_lock_wait_count,
        page_lock_wait_in_ms,
        index_lock_promotion_attempt_count,
        index_lock_promotion_count,
        page_latch_wait_count,
        page_latch_wait_in_ms,
        page_io_latch_wait_count,
        page_io_latch_wait_in_ms
    )
    SELECT
        ddios.database_id,
        ddios.object_id,
        ddios.index_id,
        ddios.partition_number,
        ddios.leaf_insert_count,
        ddios.leaf_delete_count,
        ddios.leaf_update_count,
        ddios.leaf_ghost_count,
        ddios.nonleaf_insert_count,
        ddios.nonleaf_delete_count,
        ddios.nonleaf_update_count,
        ddios.leaf_allocation_count,
        ddios.nonleaf_allocation_count,
        ddios.leaf_page_merge_count,
        ddios.nonleaf_page_merge_count,
        ddios.range_scan_count,
        ddios.singleton_lookup_count,
        ddios.forwarded_fetch_count,
        ddios.lob_fetch_in_pages,
        ddios.lob_fetch_in_bytes,
        ddios.lob_orphan_create_count,
        ddios.lob_orphan_insert_count,
        ddios.row_overflow_fetch_in_pages,
        ddios.row_overflow_fetch_in_bytes,
        ddios.column_value_push_off_row_count,
        ddios.column_value_pull_in_row_count,
        ddios.row_lock_count,
        ddios.row_lock_wait_count,
        ddios.row_lock_wait_in_ms,
        ddios.page_lock_count,
        ddios.page_lock_wait_count,
        ddios.page_lock_wait_in_ms,
        ddios.index_lock_promotion_attempt_count,
        ddios.index_lock_promotion_count,
        ddios.page_latch_wait_count,
        ddios.page_latch_wait_in_ms,
        ddios.page_io_latch_wait_count,
        ddios.page_io_latch_wait_in_ms
    FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats
    (
        @DatabaseID,
        @TableID,
        @IndexID,
        @PartitionNumber
    ) AS ddios;

    RETURN;
END

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然后，我以下列方式在索引维护作业中引用此函数：

DECLARE 
    @DDL NVARCHAR(MAX);

DECLARE ddl_cursor CURSOR
FOR
    SELECT
        CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), DDL.DDL) AS DDL
    FROM
    (
        SELECT
            MasterIndexes.SchemaName,
            MasterIndexes.TableName,
            MasterIndexes.IndexName,
            MasterIndexes.DatabaseID,
            MasterIndexes.ObjectID,
            MasterIndexes.IndexID,
            MasterIndexes.PartitionNumber,
            MasterIndexes.type_desc,
            MasterIndexes.is_unique,
            MasterIndexes.is_primary_key,
            MasterIndexes.is_unique_constraint,
            MasterIndexes.fill_factor,
            MasterIndexes.allow_row_locks,
            MasterIndexes.allow_page_locks,
            MasterIndexes.UpdateStatisticsIndicator,
            1 AS SortInTempDB,
            CASE
                WHEN CONVERT(VARCHAR(100), SERVERPROPERTY('edition')) LIKE 'Enterprise Edition%' THEN 1
                ELSE 0
            END AS OnlineIndicator,
            CASE
                WHEN 
                    ips.avg_fragmentation_in_percent BETWEEN CONVERT(FLOAT, 10) AND CONVERT(FLOAT, 30)
                    AND ips.page_count >= 100
                THEN
                    1
                ELSE
                    0
            END AS ReorganizationIndicator,
            CASE
                WHEN
                (
                    ips.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 30
                    AND ips.page_count >= 100
                )
                OR
                (
                    ips.avg_fragmentation_in_percent BETWEEN CONVERT(FLOAT, 10) AND CONVERT(FLOAT, 30)
                    AND ips.page_count < 100
                )
                THEN 
                    1
                ELSE
                    0
            END AS RebuildIndicator
        FROM
        (
            SELECT
                s.name AS SchemaName,
                t.name AS TableName,
                ix.name AS IndexName,
                DB_ID() AS DatabaseID,
                ddps.object_id AS ObjectID,
                ddps.index_id AS IndexID,
                ddps.partition_number AS PartitionNumber,
                ix.type_desc,
                ix.is_unique,   
                ix.is_primary_key,
                ix.is_unique_constraint,
                ix.fill_factor, 
                ix.allow_row_locks,
                ix.allow_page_locks,
                1 AS UpdateStatisticsIndicator  
            FROM sys.schemas AS s

                INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
                    ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id

                    INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS ix
                        ON t.object_id = ix.object_id

                        INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS ddps
                            ON ix.object_id = ddps.object_id
                            AND ix.index_id = ddps.index_id

                CROSS APPLY master.dbo.tfn_IndexOperationalStats_select
                (
                    DB_ID(),
                    t.object_id,
                    ix.index_id,
                    NULL
                ) AS ios

            WHERE
                CASE
                    WHEN ddps.row_count = 0 THEN 0
                    ELSE
                    (
                        (
                            CONVERT
                            (
                                FLOAT,
                                (
                                    ios.nonleaf_insert_count + 
                                    ios.nonleaf_update_count + 
                                    ios.leaf_insert_count + 
                                    ios.leaf_update_count
                                )
                            ) /
                            CONVERT
                            (
                                FLOAT,
                                ddps.row_count
                            )
                        ) * 100.0
                    ) 
                END >= 10.0
            AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0
            AND t.name NOT LIKE 'MSmerge%'
            AND ix.index_id > 0
        ) AS MasterIndexes

            CROSS APPLY master.dbo.tfn_IndexPhysicalStats_select
            (
                MasterIndexes.DatabaseID,
                MasterIndexes.ObjectID,
                MasterIndexes.IndexID,
                MasterIndexes.PartitionNumber,
                'SAMPLED'
            ) AS ips
    ) AS MasterIndexList    

        CROSS APPLY
        (
            SELECT          
                'ALTER INDEX ' + 
                MasterIndexList.IndexName + 
                ' ON ' + 
                MasterIndexList.SchemaName + '.' + MasterIndexList.TableName +
                ' REBUILD WITH(' + 
                'FILLFACTOR = ' + 
                    CASE
                        WHEN MasterIndexList.fill_factor = 0 THEN '100'
                        ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(3), MasterIndexList.fill_factor)
                    END + ', ' +
                'SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ' + 
                    CASE
                        WHEN MasterIndexList.SortInTempDB = 1 THEN 'ON'
                        ELSE 'OFF'
                    END + ', ' +
                'ONLINE = ' + 
                    CASE
                        WHEN MasterIndexList.OnlineIndicator = 1 THEN 'ON'
                        ELSE 'OFF'
                    END + ', ' + 
                'ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ' + 
                    CASE
                        WHEN MasterIndexList.[allow_row_locks] = 1 THEN 'ON'
                        ELSE 'OFF'
                    END + ', ' + 
                'ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ' + 
                    CASE
                        WHEN MasterIndexList.[allow_page_locks] = 1 THEN 'ON'
                        ELSE 'OFF'
                    END + ');' AS [DDL],

                1 AS DDLOrdinal

            WHERE MasterIndexList.RebuildIndicator = 1

            UNION ALL
            SELECT          
                'ALTER INDEX ' + 
                MasterIndexList.IndexName + 
                ' ON ' + 
                MasterIndexList.SchemaName + '.' + MasterIndexList.TableName +
                ' REORGANIZE;' AS [DDL],

                2 AS DDLOrdinal

            WHERE MasterIndexList.ReorganizationIndicator = 1

            UNION ALL
            SELECT
                'UPDATE STATISTICS ' + 
                MasterIndexList.SchemaName + '.' + MasterIndexList.TableName + ' ' + 
                MasterIndexList.IndexName + ' ' + 
                'WITH FULLSCAN;' AS [DDL],

                3 AS DDLOrdinal

            WHERE MasterIndexList.UpdateStatisticsIndicator = 1
            AND MasterIndexList.RebuildIndicator = 0
            AND STATS_DATE(MasterIndexList.ObjectID, MasterIndexList.IndexID) <= DATEADD(hh, -20, GETDATE())
        ) AS [DDL]

    ORDER BY
        ObjectID ASC,
        IndexID ASC,
        DDLOrdinal ASC;

OPEN ddl_cursor;

FETCH NEXT FROM ddl_cursor
INTO @DDL;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

    EXECUTE sys.sp_executesql 
        @stmt = @DDL;

    FETCH NEXT FROM ddl_cursor
    INTO @DDL;
END

CLOSE ddl_cursor;
DEALLOCATE ddl_cursor;
GO

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与往常一样，您的里程可能会有所不同，但您可以随意使用/更改这些脚本以满足您的需求。

祝你有个好的一天，

马特

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