插入时的 MySql 间隙锁死锁

Question

从多个来源频繁插入表时，我从表上的间隙锁中获得死锁。这是我的流程的概述。

START TRANSACTION
  UPDATE vehicle_image
  SET active = 0
  WHERE vehicleID = SOMEID AND active = 1

  Loop:
    INSERT INTO vehicle_image (vehicleID, vehicleImageFilePath, vehicleImageSplashFilePath
      ,vehicleImageThumbnailFilePath, vehicleImageMiniFilePath, mainVehicleImage, active)
    VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, 1);
END TRANSACTION

的输出SHOW Create table vehicle_image;是：

CREATE TABLE `vehicle_image` (
  `vehicleImageID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `vehicleID` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vehicleImageFilePath` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vehicleImageSplashFilePath` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vehicleImageThumbnailFilePath` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `vehicleImageMiniFilePath` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
  `mainVehicleImage` bit(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `active` bit(1) DEFAULT b'1',
  `userCreated` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dateCreated` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `userModified` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dateModified` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  PRIMARY KEY (`vehicleImageID`),
  KEY `active` (`active`),
  KEY `mainvehicleimage` (`mainVehicleImage`),
  KEY `vehicleid` (`vehicleID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=22878102 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

最后一个死锁由SHOW engine innodb status：

LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
------------------------
2018-03-27 12:31:15 11a58
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 5897678083, ACTIVE 2 sec inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 1248, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 873570, OS thread handle 0x124bc, query id 198983754 ec2-34-239-240-179.compute-1.amazonaws.com 34.239.240.179 image_processor update
INSERT INTO vehicle_image (vehicleID, vehicleImageFilePath, vehicleImageSplashFilePath, vehicleImageThumbnailFilePath, vehicleImageMiniFilePath, mainVehicleImage, active)
VALUES (70006176, 'f180928(1)1522168276.230837full.jpg', 'f180928(1)1522168276.230837splash.jpg', 'f180928(1)1522168276.230837thumb.jpg', 'f180928(1)1522168276.230837mini.jpg', 1, 1)
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 875 page no 238326 n bits 472
  index `vehicleid` of table `ipacket`.`vehicle_image` trx id 5897678083
  lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
Record lock, heap no 378 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 842c365a; asc  ,6Z;;
 1: len 4; hex 815d03bc; asc  ]  ;;

*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 5897678270, ACTIVE 1 sec inserting, thread declared inside InnoDB 5000
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
3 lock struct(s), heap size 1248, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 873571, OS thread handle 0x11a58, query id 198983849 ec2-35-171-169-21.compute-1.amazonaws.com 35.171.169.21 image_processor update
INSERT INTO vehicle_image (vehicleID, vehicleImageFilePath, vehicleImageSplashFilePath, vehicleImageThumbnailFilePath, vehicleImageMiniFilePath, mainVehicleImage, active)
VALUES (70006326, '29709(1)1522168277.4443843full.jpg', '29709(1)1522168277.4443843splash.jpg', '29709(1)1522168277.4443843thumb.jpg', '29709(1)1522168277.4443843mini.jpg', 1, 1)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
RECORD LOCKS space id 875 page no 238326 n bits 464
  index `vehicleid` of table `ipacket`.`vehicle_image` trx id 5897678270
  lock_mode X locks gap before rec
Record lock, heap no 378 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 842c365a; asc  ,6Z;;
 1: len 4; hex 815d03bc; asc  ]  ;;

*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 875 page no 238326 n bits 472
  index `vehicleid` of table `ipacket`.`vehicle_image` trx id 5897678270
  lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
Record lock, heap no 378 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 842c365a; asc  ,6Z;;
 1: len 4; hex 815d03bc; asc  ]  ;;

*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)

我同时运行许多这些进程，但从未运行两个使用相同VehicleID. 我真的很困惑为什么我会遇到死锁。

我通过使用 Isolation level暂时解决了这个问题READ COMMITTED，但我读到这需要更改复制，因为您必须进行行级复制。

我在这里阅读了与我类似的其他问题，但我对 SQL 有点陌生，仍然无法理解为什么会发生这种情况。

类似问题：
- MySQL 插入语句上的死锁
- MySQL InnoDB 死锁对于 2 个简单的插入查询

更新：

我发现使用READ COMMITTED实际上并没有解决问题。我仍然没有弄清楚为什么会发生死锁，而且我真的不知道如何进行比目前更进一步的诊断。我继续在我的生产系统中遇到死锁。任何帮助，将不胜感激。

Answer 1

我不是MySQL专家，但从你的死锁日志来看，即使你在每个语句中插入不同的车辆ID，这些也需要锁定非聚集索引的整个数据页（238326）VehicleID。

事实上，您偶尔会遇到死锁，这意味着在 1 个页面内您有多个车辆 ID，因此 2 个不同的进程需要锁定同一页面的可能性很小。

最好的建议是让您的交易尽可能小。

如果有某种方法可以执行以下操作，将有助于减少死锁的可能性：

START TRANSACTION;
  UPDATE vehicle_image SET active = 0 WHERE vehicleID = SOMEID and active = 1;
END TRANSACTION;
Loop:
  START TRANSACTION;
  INSERT INTO vehicle_image (vehicleID, vehicleImageFilePath,
    vehicleImageSplashFilePath, vehicleImageThumbnailFilePath,
    vehicleImageMiniFilePath, mainVehicleImage, active)
  VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, 1);  
  END TRANSACTION;
--EndLoop here

如果可以，请尝试将该索引的填充因子更改为 95%，并测试是否会减少死锁。

更极端的测试是在插入时完全删除该索引，然后在完成后重新创建它。