'SELECT TOP' 性能问题

Question

我有一个查询，它使用 select 运行得更快，top 100而不使用top 100. 返回的记录数为 0。你能解释一下查询计划的差异或分享解释这种差异的链接吗？

没有top文本的查询：

SELECT --TOP 100
*
FROM InventTrans
     JOIN
     InventDim
     ON InventDim.DATAAREAID = 'dat' AND 
        InventDim.INVENTDIMID = InventTrans.INVENTDIMID
WHERE InventTrans.DATAAREAID = 'dat' AND 
      InventTrans.ITEMID = '027743' AND 
      InventDim.INVENTLOCATIONID = '???? ?????' AND 
      InventDim.ECC_BUSINESSUNITID = '?????????';

---

上面的查询计划（没有top）：

https://pastebin.com/cbtJpxFf

IO 和 TIME 统计信息（没有top）：

SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 0 ms.
SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

(0 row(s) affected)
Table 'INVENTDIM'. Scan count 0, logical reads 988297, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 1, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'INVENTTRANS'. Scan count 1, logical reads 1234560, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 14299, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.

(1 row(s) affected)

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 6256 ms,  elapsed time = 13348 ms.
SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 0 ms.

---

使用的索引（没有top）：

1. INVENTTRANS.I_177TRANSIDIDX
   4 KEYS:
 - DATAAREAID
 - INVENTTRANSID
 - INVENTDIMID
 - RECID
2. INVENTTRANS.I_177ITEMIDX
   3 KEYS:
   - DATAAREAID
   - ITEMID
   - DATEPHYSICAL 
3. INVENTDIM.I_698DIMIDIDX
   2 KEYS:
   - DATAAREAID
   - INVENTDIMID

---

查询top：

SELECT TOP 100
*
FROM InventTrans
     JOIN
     InventDim
     ON InventDim.DATAAREAID = 'dat' AND 
        InventDim.INVENTDIMID = InventTrans.INVENTDIMID
WHERE InventTrans.DATAAREAID = 'dat' AND 
      InventTrans.ITEMID = '027743' AND 
      InventDim.INVENTLOCATIONID = '???? ?????' AND 
      InventDim.ECC_BUSINESSUNITID = '?????????';

---

查询计划（带TOP）：

https://pastebin.com/0dyu6QZd

---

查询 IO 和 TIME 统计信息（带 TOP）：

SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 0 ms.
SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

(0 row(s) affected)
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'INVENTTRANS'. Scan count 15385, logical reads 82542, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'INVENTDIM'. Scan count 1, logical reads 62704, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.

(1 row(s) affected)

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 265 ms,  elapsed time = 257 ms.
SQL Server parse and compile time: 
   CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 0 ms.

 SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 0 ms.

---

使用的索引（带 TOP）：

 1. INVENTTRANS.I_177TRANSIDIDX
     4 KEYS:
     - DATAAREAID
     - INVENTTRANSID
     - INVENTDIMID
     - RECID
 2. INVENTTRANS.I_177DIMIDIDX
    3 KEYS:
    - DATAAREAID
    - INVENTDIMID
    - ITEMID
 3. INVENTDIM.I_698DIMIDIDX
    2 KEYS:
    - DATAAREAID
    - INVENTDIMID
 4. INVENTDIM.I_698ECC_BUSUNITLOCIDX
    3 KEYS
    - DATAAREAID
    - ECC_BUSINESSUNITID
    - INVENTLOCATIONID

将深深感谢有关该主题的任何帮助！

Answer 1

SQL Server 使用不同的排序算法为 TOP 100 构建不同的执行计划。有时它更快，有时它更慢。

有关它的更简单示例，请阅读一行可以更改多少查询计划？第 1部分和第 2 部分。

有关深入的技术细节，以及 TOP 100 算法实际上较慢的示例，请阅读Paul White 的排序、行目标和 TOP 100 问题。

底线：在您的情况下，如果您知道不会返回任何行，那么...不要运行查询，是吗？最快的查询是您从未进行过的查询。但是，如果您需要进行存在检查，只需执行 IF EXISTS（在此处进行查询），然后 SQL Server 将执行甚至不同的执行计划。

Answer 2

查看这两个计划，您可以通过显着不同的百分比成本对两者进行关键查找。如果将鼠标悬停在对象上，您将看到执行次数。

键查找是对聚集索引的查找，因为索引查找（右上角）中使用的索引未覆盖所有列（选择 * 因此必须使用聚集索引）。

Top 100 能够以较少的读取次数从索引中获取所需的 100 行，然后执行 100 次查找，而不是对表中的每一行执行查找。还解释了不做“顶部”时阅读页数的增加。