使用 SMO 运行 PowerShell 脚本时缺少程序集

Question

我编写了一个脚本，该脚本以数据库名称、恢复的数据库名称、备份源、数据文件位置和日志文件位置为参数，并在 SQL Server 实例上执行数据库恢复。当从 PowerShell ISE 运行时，脚本工作正常，但是当从 PowerShell 控制台运行时，它会抛出缺少程序集错误，或者当以 CmdExec 或 PowerShell 类型通过 SQL 代理作业运行时出现错误时，术语未被识别为 cmdle 的名称。

我试图在脚本中使用 Add-Type 添加程序集的路径，但没有名为 Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server、Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore... 等的程序集。

作为 PS newb，我没有想法。任何建议，如何解决这个问题以便能够在 SQL 代理作业步骤中运行这个脚本？

我正在使用命令在 ISE 和控制台中执行脚本

.\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log

在 SQL 代理作业中执行脚本

C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Script\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log

脚本

Param(
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String]
    $DatabaseName,
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String]
    $NewDatabaseName,
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String]
    $SourceDir,
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String]
    $DataDir,
    [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [String]
    $LogDir)

$file = $DatabaseName+".bak"
$fileFullPath = $SourceDir+"\"+$file
$fullDataFile = $DataDir+"\"+$DatabaseName+".mdf" 
$fullLogFile = $LogDir+"\"+$DatabaseName+"_log.ldf"
$ServerName = $env:computername
$server = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server' $ServerName
$restore = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
$backupDeviceItem = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem' ($fileFullPath, 'File')
$restore.Database = $NewDatabaseName
$restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true 
$restore.Devices.Add($backupDeviceItem)
$fileList = $restore.ReadFileList($server)
$dataFileNumber = 0
foreach ($file in $fileList) {
    $relocateFile = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile'
    $relocateFile.LogicalFileName = $file.LogicalName
    if ($file.Type -eq 'D') {
        if($dataFileNumber -ge 1) {
            $suffix = "_$dataFileNumber"
        }
        else {

        $suffix = $null;
        }
    $relocateFile.PhysicalFilename = "$DataDir\$DatabaseName$suffix.mdf"
    $dataFileNumber++
    }
    else {

        $relocateFile.PhysicalFileName = "$LogDir\$DatabaseName"+"_log.ldf"    
    }
    $restore.RelocateFiles.Add($relocateFile) | Out-Null
}
$restore.SqlRestore($server)
Exit

来自 PS 控制台的错误

New-Object : Cannot find type [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore]: verify that the assembly containing this ty
pe is loaded.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:32 char:12
+ $restore = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore'
+            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidType: (:) [New-Object], PSArgumentException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewObjectCommand

New-Object : Cannot find type [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem]: verify that the assembly containin
g this type is loaded.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:33 char:21
+ ... eviceItem = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDevi ...
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidType: (:) [New-Object], PSArgumentException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewObjectCommand

The property 'Database' cannot be found on this object. Verify that the property exists and can be set.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:34 char:1
+ $restore.Database = $NewDatabaseName
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PropertyNotFound

The property 'ReplaceDatabase' cannot be found on this object. Verify that the property exists and can be set.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:35 char:1
+ $restore.ReplaceDatabase = $true
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PropertyNotFound

You cannot call a method on a null-valued expression.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:36 char:1
+ $restore.Devices.Add($backupDeviceItem)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : InvokeMethodOnNull

You cannot call a method on a null-valued expression.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:37 char:1
+ $fileList = $restore.ReadFileList($server)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : InvokeMethodOnNull

You cannot call a method on a null-valued expression.
At C:\Automation\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:67 char:1
+ $restore.SqlRestore($server)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : InvokeMethodOnNull

来自 SQL 代理作业步骤的消息

Executed as user: domain\account. ...id not stop the script:  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: 'New-Object : The term 'New-Object' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, f  '  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: 'unction, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or i  f a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.  At C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1:31 char:11  + $server = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server' $Ser ...  +           ~~~~~~~~~~'  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: '    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (New-Object:String) [], CommandN     '  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: '   otFoundException    '  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: '    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException    '  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: '     '  A job step received an error at line 1 in a PowerShell script. The corresponding line is 'C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -NoProfile  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command C:\Scripts\RestoreDB_Script.ps1 -DatabaseName TestDB -NewDatabaseName TestDB_new -SourceDir V:\Backup -DataDir D:\Data -LogDir L:\Log'. Correct the script and reschedule the job. The error information returned by PowerShell is: 'New-Object : Cannot find type [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Restore]: ver    '  A job step r...  Process Exit Code 0.  The step succeeded.

Answer 1

使用SQL Server PowerShell 中的一些信息：如何使用 SMO 和 PowerShell 还原 SQL Server 数据库，我能够克服该错误。尝试将以下内容添加到脚本的最顶部

#load assemblies
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO") | Out-Null
#Need SmoExtended for backup
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended") | Out-Null