获取一年的季度数据

Question

获取一年的季度数据

Yoh*_*urg 3 sql-server-2008 t-sql sql-server-2008-r2

我需要一种查询 SQL 表并按季度提取数据的方法。我知道 SQL Server 有一个DatePart()函数，它有一个参数，q = Quarter我想出了这个语法，但是对于一个包含大约 50,000 行的表，这个语法非常慢。这是实现此结果的最佳方法还是可以进行更多优化？

Declare @startdate date = '20170101', @enddate date = '20171231'
Select
Employeename
,[Total Amount Paid] = SUM(ISNULL(Totalcheckamt,0))
FROM dbo.PaymentHistory
WHERE DatePart(q,[DatePaid]) = 1
AND [DatePaid] BETWEEN CAST(DateAdd(yy, -1, @startdate) As Date) 
                   AND CAST(DateAdd(yy, -1, @enddate) As Date)
GROUP BY Employeename
Order By Employeename ASC

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编辑
我想要的返回结果是这样的

Employee Name -- Q1 ---   Q2 ---   Q3 ---    Q4
James           XXXXX.XX  XXXX.XX  XXXX.XX   XXXX.XX
Roger           XXXXX.XX  XXXX.XX  XXXX.XX   XXXX.XX

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编辑 2
我使用 a 尝试了这种语法，case statement但它给了我以下错误的错误。我应该更改什么才能成功执行此语句？

消息 130，级别 15，状态 1，第 18 行
无法对包含聚合或子查询的表达式执行聚合函数。

SELECT
Employeename
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 1
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))
    end
) As Q12016 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 1
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))
    end
) As Q12017 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q22016 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q22017 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q32016 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q32017 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q42016 
,SUM(
    case 
        when Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017' AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
        Then SUM(ISNULL(TotalCheckamt,0))       
        end
) As Q42017 
FROM dbo.PaymentHistory
    GROUP BY Employeename
    Order By Employeename ASC

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Answer 1

Sco*_*red 6

使用您的CASE表达式示例，以下是它的编写方式：

DECLARE @PaymentHistory TABLE (
    EmployeeName VARCHAR(100)
    ,DatePaid DATE
    ,TotalCheckAmt DECIMAL(11, 2)
    )
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-01-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-02-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-03-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-04-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-05-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-06-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-07-01',100.00)

insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-01-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-02-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-03-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-04-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-05-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-06-01',100.00)
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-07-01',100.00)
SELECT Employeename
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 1
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q12016
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 1
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q12017
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q22016
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q22017
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q32016
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q32017
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q42016
    ,ISNULL(SUM(CASE 
                WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                    AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
                    THEN TotalCheckamt
                END), 0) AS Q42017
FROM @PaymentHistory
GROUP BY Employeename
ORDER BY Employeename ASC

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在您接受我的原始答案后，我注意到其他海报提倡使用PIVOT来实现与多个CASE表达式相同的结果。为了我的答案的完整性，我决定尝试使用PIVOT为您提供其他选项（并在此过程中自己学习一些东西）。我发现有关在 SQL Server 中透视数据的问题中的信息在尝试了解如何使用PIVOT. PIVOT通过阅读链接中的示例（静态和动态PIVOT），您将学到很多东西- 我知道我做到了。

总结 PIVOT 的一些关键点（来自链接）：

您可以在查询的 FROM 子句中使用 PIVOT 运算符来旋转和聚合数据集中的值。数据基于数据集中的列之一进行透视。该列中的每个唯一值都成为其自己的列，其中包含聚合的透视数据。

为了更好地理解这一切是如何工作的，让我们从使用 PIVOT 运算符的查询的基本语法开始：

SELECT column_list
FROM table_expression
  PIVOT
  (
    aggregate_function(aggregate_column)
    FOR pivot_column
    IN( pivot_column_values )
  ) [AS] pivot_table_alias
[ORDER BY column_list];

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对于 SELECT 子句，您可以指定星号 (*) 或单个列，对于 FROM 子句，您可以指定表或表表达式。如果使用表表达式，则还必须定义表别名。您还可以包含 ORDER BY 子句，但这是可选的。随着我们逐步解决问题，您将看到这些条款在起作用。现在，让我们关注 PIVOT 子句。您需要了解该子句的工作原理，以确保您的支点按您想要的方式工作。

指定 PIVOT 关键字后，您传入三个参数，并用括号括起来。第一个是聚合函数和要聚合的列的名称。当与星号一起使用时，您可以使用除 COUNT 函数之外的任何聚合函数，如 COUNT(*)。

接下来，您定义 FOR 子句，它指定枢轴将基于的列。正是这一列的不同值变成了它们自己的列。FOR 子句还包括 IN 运算符，您可以在其中指定将转换为列的数据透视列值。您在此处指定的值必须存在于数据透视列中，否则它们将被忽略。

我绝不是PIVOT专家，其他海报可能有更好的解决方案（嘿，我愿意学习更好的方法），但这是我的看法。

我包括了两个示例PIVOT- 一个是静态的，一个是动态的。
（希望通过使用我的示例和提供的链接中的信息，您会明白我在做什么）

第一个示例是静态的PIVOT，类似于CASE我最初提供的表达式解决方案（除了它使用PIVOT）。

请注意，我的示例数据现在包含CASE表达式“外部”的年份。该信息不会显示在静态版本中，但您稍后会看到我们如何在动态版本中解决该问题。

静态枢轴

DECLARE @PaymentHistory TABLE (
    EmployeeName VARCHAR(100)
    ,DatePaid DATE
    ,TotalCheckAmt DECIMAL(11, 2)
    );
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-01-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-02-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-03-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-04-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-05-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-06-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-07-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2017-01-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('James','2018-10-01',900.00);

insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-01-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-02-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-03-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-04-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-05-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-06-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-07-01',100.00);
insert into @Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2020-10-01',900.00);
;
WITH cte_Paymenthistory
AS (
    SELECT CASE 
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 1
                THEN 'Q12016'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
                THEN 'Q22016'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
                THEN 'Q32016'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2016'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
                THEN 'Q42016'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 2
                THEN 'Q12017'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 3
                THEN 'Q32017'
            WHEN Datepart(Year, [DatePaid]) = '2017'
                AND DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid]) = 4
                THEN 'Q42017'
            END AS ColumnLabel
        ,EmployeeName
        ,TotalCheckAmt
    FROM @PaymentHistory
    )
SELECT EmployeeName
    ,coalesce([Q12016], 0) AS [Q12016]
    ,coalesce([Q12017], 0) AS [Q12076]
    ,coalesce([Q22016], 0) AS [Q22016]
    ,coalesce([Q22017], 0) AS [Q12017]
    ,coalesce([Q32016], 0) AS [Q32016]
    ,coalesce([Q32017], 0) AS [Q32017]
    ,coalesce([Q42016], 0) AS [Q42016]
    ,coalesce([Q42017], 0) AS [Q42017]
FROM cte_Paymenthistory
PIVOT(SUM(TotalCheckAmt) FOR ColumnLabel IN (
            [Q12016]
            ,[Q12017]
            ,[Q22016]
            ,[Q22017]
            ,[Q32016]
            ,[Q32017]
            ,[Q42016]
            ,[Q42017]
            )) AS pvt
ORDER BY employeename;

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您是否注意到 CASE 表达式之外的数据没有出现？

让我们尝试使用动态PIVOT.

动态枢轴

如果我不知道透视列中的值，如何透视数据？

（由于使用动态SQL，我们不得不改用临时表而不是表变量）

set nocount on
DECLARE @sql AS NVARCHAR(2000);
DECLARE @col AS NVARCHAR(2000);
DECLARE @colCoalesceNull AS NVARCHAR(2000);

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#PaymentHistory') IS NOT NULL drop Table #PaymentHistory
CREATE TABLE #PaymentHistory (
    EmployeeName VARCHAR(100)
    ,DatePaid DATE
    ,TotalCheckAmt DECIMAL(11, 2)
    );
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-01-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-02-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-03-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-04-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-05-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-06-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2016-07-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2017-01-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('James','2018-10-01',900.00);

insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-01-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-02-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-03-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-04-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-05-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-06-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2016-07-01',100.00);
insert into #Paymenthistory values ('Roger','2020-10-01',900.00);
;
;
SELECT @col = 
        Coalesce(@col + ', ', '') + QUOTENAME(PvtColumnName)
    ,@colCoalesceNull = 
        Coalesce(@colCoalesceNull + ', ', '') + 'coalesce(' + QUOTENAME(PvtColumnName) + ',0) as ' + QUOTENAME(PvtColumnName)
FROM (
    SELECT DISTINCT 
    'Q' + 
    CONVERT(VARCHAR(1), DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid])) + 
    CONVERT(VARCHAR(4), year([DatePaid])) 
        AS PvtColumnName
    FROM #PaymentHistory
    ) AS PaymentHistory;

PRINT @col
PRINT @colcoalescenull

SET @sql = N'
with cte_PaymentHistory as
(
select 
''Q'' + CONVERT(varchar(1),DATEPART(Quarter, [DatePaid])) + CONVERT(varchar(4),year([DatePaid])) as PvtColumnName
,EmployeeName
,TotalCheckAmt
from #PaymentHistory
)
SELECT EmployeeName, ' + @colCoalesceNull + 'FROM cte_PaymentHistory
    PIVOT(SUM(TotalCheckAmt)
    FOR PvtColumnName IN (' + @col + ')) AS PivotPaymentHistory';

EXEC sp_executesql @sql;

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你的问题促使我研究并了解更多关于PIVOT- 谢谢。

请注意，在您的 GROUP BY 查询中，您实际上并不需要在聚合函数中使用 ISNULL。每个计算列中的外部 ISNULL 足以消除任何潜在的空值。 (2认同)

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